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121.
Development and application of innovative technologies for drinking water quality assurance in China
Jiuhui Qu Chengqing Yin Min Yang Huijuan Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(3):257-269
The continuously deteriorating quality of source water is threatening the safety of drinking water in China. Various efforts have been made to update water treatment processes to decrease the pollution problems of drinking water, such as protection of drinking water sources, enhancement of conventional treatment processes, and development of new or advanced treatment technologies. This paper reviews a variety of protection and remediation methods for drinking water sources, development and application of drinking water treatment technologies, new technologies for special pollutants removal from groundwater, and the latest research progress on water distribution systems in China. 相似文献
122.
工业化高速发展时期广州市的碳收支变化初步研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为了了解我国发达城市在工业化高速发展进程中CO2的收支状况,以广州市为研究对象,首次估算了其从1990年到2003年每年的净固碳量和释碳量,并分析了其变化趋势。研究结果表明,这13年间广州市的净固碳量与总释碳量年均增长率分别为0.93%与7.16%;到2003年,其净固碳量为2.57Mt,而其总释碳量已达到22.79Mt,其中约70%的释碳量源于化石燃料的燃烧。工业化高速发展时期也是释碳量日益高于净固碳量的时期,两者之间差距的逐步加大,已经使得广州市目前的碳收支状况发展到了极不平衡的程度。而逐年递增的人口和以化石燃料为主的能源消费是造成广州市碳收支严重失衡的主要原因。 相似文献
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124.
Xiaohua Jiang William A. Jefferson Dean Song Hanyang Cheng Fengmin Li Zhimin Qiang Aiqian Zhang Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):281-288
Permanganate has attracted much attention in wide range of chemistry and particularly in degradation of environmental pollutants. However, few studies have discussed the feature of regioselective reactivity of permanganate with specific moiety of the target compound. Herein, we studied the reaction between permanganate and tetracycline that is an emerging micropollutant with different species containing several electron-rich groups. The second-order rate constants increased from 6.0 to 9.0 and could be quantitatively modeled by considering the speciation of both reactants, yielding kTC0?=?11.7 (mol/L)?1?sec?1, kTC??=?35.7 (mol/L)?1?sec?1, kTC2??=?43.1 (mol/L)?1?sec?1 for individual reaction channels. Degradation products were then identified as the hydroxylated and demethylated compounds. The result suggested a rate-limiting step of simple hydroxylation at the phenolic and/or alkene moieties, while the demethylation should be caused by the unavoidably formed manganese oxide via single electron oxidation. This is supported by the DFT calculation, indicating the primary oxidation of phenolic group of TC0 with activation barrier of 44.5?kcal/mol and of alkene group of TC? and TC2? with activation barriers of 44.0 and 43.4?kcal/mol, respectively. This is in agreement with the experimental results, implying the alternation of regioselectivity associated with the deprotonation process. The result was further supported by performing the Fukui function and electrostatic potential analysis, reflecting the more probable site and better electron donating tendency beneficial to the permanganate oxidation. 相似文献
126.
空气污染严重危害公众健康及社会可持续发展,空气污染的健康经济损失评价是环境相关部门开展成本-效益分析的基础.为理清研究现状,为后续研究提供参考,从空气污染健康经济损失的评价对象、评价方法以及空气污染因子的选择对文献进行了分析.结果表明:健康经济损失评价的热点对象主要集中在我国等空气污染较严重的新兴经济体国家,得益于我国监测数据的日趋完善,运用连续多年数据评价区域健康经济损失动态变化的研究开始增多.评价中经常采用的方法有人力资本法、修正人力资本法、患病失能法、支付意愿法、疾病成本法、统计寿命价值法、情景分析法等,每种方法有各自的适用范围与优缺点,评价中常综合使用多种方法以提高结果的可靠性.评价使用的空气污染因子已由SO2、CO为主,逐渐转向以PM10与PM2.5为主、O3为辅,加强PM2.5、O3、CO2的协同治理已经成为共识,并在部分区域付诸实施.研究显示,空气污染的健康经济损失评价领域涉及内容较广,需要多学科研究人员的参与以提高研究质量及促进学科交叉融合. 相似文献
127.
In order to study the influences of functionalized groups onto the adsorption of tetracycline,we prepared a series of amino and amino–Fe~(3+)complex mesoporous silica adsorbents with diverse content of amino and Fe~(3+)groups(named N,N-SBA15 and Fe-N,N-SBA15).The resulting mesoporous silica adsorbents were fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR)and N_2adsorption/desorption isotherms.Furthermore,the effects of functionalized groups on the removal of TC were investigated.The results showed that the periodic ordered structure of SBA-15 was maintained after modification of amino/Fe~(3+)groups.The functionalized amino groups decreased the adsorption capacity while the coordinated Fe~(3+)increased the adsorption capacity.The adsorption kinetics of TC fitted pseudo-second-order model well and the equilibrium was achieved quickly.The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well and with the Fe~(3+)content increased from 3.93%to 8.26%,the Q_(max)of the adsorbents increased from 102 to 188 mmol/kg.The solution p H affected the adsorption of TC onto amino complex adsorbents slightly while influenced the adsorption onto Fe-amine complex adsorbents greatly.The adsorption of TC on SBA15 and N,N-SBA15 may be related to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes,while the adsorption of TC onto Fe-N,N-SBA15 was mainly attributed to the inner-sphere surface complexes.This study could offer potential materials that have excellent adsorption behavior for environmental remediation and suggested useful information for the preparing other adsorbents in environmental applications. 相似文献
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129.
我国当前面临着水土流失与沙漠化、水资源短缺与水污染、空气质量恶化与大气环境污染以及生物多样性遭到破坏等主要生态环境问题。本文对这些生态环境问题进行了分析,提出了相应的环境保护策略与措施。 相似文献
130.
Nitrobenzene biodegradation ability of microbial communities in water and
sediments along the Songhua River after a nitrobenzene pollution event 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
LI Zonglai YANG Min LI Dong QI Rong LIU Huijuan SUN Jingfang QU Jiuhui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(7):778-786
More than 100 t of nitrobenzene (NB) and related compounds were discharged into the Songhua River,the fourth longest river in China,because of the world-shaking explosion of an aniline production factory located in Jilin City on November 13,2005.As one of the efforts to predict the fate of residual NB in the river,NB biodegradation abilities by microbes in the water and sediments from different river sections were evaluated systematically.The results indicated that microbial communities from any section ... 相似文献