光助电催化降解偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解过程研究

使用自制的具有电催化活性和光催化活性TiO2改性的β-PbO2电极,研究了光助电催化氧化过程、电催化氧化过程和光催化氧化过程对于偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解.用紫外可见光谱和高效液相色谱分析了3种降解过程中不同的降解行为,对降解产物进行了FTIR和GC-MS分析.结果表明,单独电催化过程不同于其它2种过程,出现了醌类物质的大量累积;而在光助电催化氧化过程中,光催化氧化过程大大抑制了电催化氧化过程中累积的高毒性醌类物质.在2h内,光助电催化氧化过程是其它2种过程TOC去除率的1.56倍,产生了明显的协同作用.3种降解过程遵循相同的降解历程,都经历了产生醌类物质到低分子量有机酸的步骤.     

重金属污染河流生态修复区挺水植物对重金属的吸收特性

为了分析比较滇东南选矿区重金属污染河流——小白河生态修复区所种植芦苇和香蒲对重金属的吸收及生态修复效果差异,于2015年4月在小白河西岸野生植物区及东岸生态修复区采集土壤及植物样品,对样品进行烘干、消解,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）和镍（Ni）这4种重金属的含量,使用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中砷（As）的含量.结果表明:①小白河东岸生态修复区湿地底泥中As和Zn污染最为严重,但东岸底泥中各重金属含量已明显低于西岸,其中芦苇种植区底泥中w（As）和w（Ni）较西岸分别降低了38.82%和50.53%,香蒲种植区底泥中w（As）和w（Ni）较西岸分别降低了13.54%和21.95%.②芦苇对As、Pb、Zn和Pb、Cr以及Cr、Ni这3组重金属的吸收存在显著的协同作用,香蒲对重金属吸收的协同作用表现在As、Zn、Ni和Pb、Cr这2组重金属中,这种重金属吸收协同作用在芦苇中更明显.③芦苇对Cr的生物富集系数（BCF）较高,对Cr的转运系数（TF）为0.80,属于富集型耐受策略,芦苇对Zn和Ni属于根部囤积型耐受策略;香蒲对Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr这4种重金属的BCF较大,TF均接近1,属于富集型耐受策略,对As属于根部囤积型耐受策略.研究显示,芦苇可作为重金属污染河流生态修复区的先锋植物,香蒲的重金属生物富集效率较高,将重金属富集于地上部的能力较强,可考虑将植物分区种植的模式改为间作种植,并定期收割香蒲地上部,以使生态修复区具有更好的重金属修复效果.      

砷在昂曲沉积物中吸附解吸的影响因素研究

水环境条件的改变会影响沉积物对砷（As）的吸附解吸行为,进而影响砷在水环境中的迁移和转化.本实验以西藏昌都昂曲表层沉积物为研究对象,通过正交试验,考察pH、转速、溶解氧（DO）、Fe/Mn含量、沉积物/水比例、温度、粒径及As含量对沉积物吸附解吸As的影响.研究结果表明：①沉积物对砷的吸附量随着初始As含量、Fe/Mn含量和pH值的升高而增大,随着颗粒物浓度的升高而减小;不同粒径的沉积物对砷的吸附主要与沉积物中的有机质含量有关,粒径为63~250 μm的沉积物有机质含量最高（3.13 g·kg^-1）,平均吸附量最大（517.28 mg·kg^-1）.②不同粒径沉积物的解吸量与其砷含量和有机质含量有关,砷含量越高,有机质含量越少,砷的解吸量越大.砷的解吸量与转速和温度呈正相关,与pH、DO和颗粒物浓度呈负相关.③Langmuir模型对吸附等温线的拟合效果好于Freundlich模型,沉积物对砷的吸附存在明显的固体浓度效应.     

锰促进稻田生物结皮固定灌溉水中镉

为了解在不同浓度的锰盐作用下生物土壤结皮对稻田灌溉水中镉的固定作用及机制,将不同浓度的硫酸锰、镉溶液与稻田生物土壤结皮混合,并在实验室内培养15 d.通过分析生物土壤结皮中不同形态的锰、镉的量,探究不同浓度锰盐对土壤结皮中镉的固定及分布的影响.结果表明:锰盐能有效地促进生物土壤结皮固定镉,随着锰盐浓度的增加,生物土壤结皮对镉的去除效率增加.在20.00 mg·L~(-1)硫酸锰条件下,生物土壤结皮对水中镉离子去除率达到98.20%,镉主要以非乙二胺四乙酸可提取的矿物形态存在.通过扫描电子显微镜-电子散射能谱及X射线光电子能谱分析,锰被锰氧化菌氧化成类似水钠锰矿的多孔海绵状物质,镉富集固定在晶格中.本研究对利用生物土壤结皮净化镉污染灌溉水提供了新的思路.     

Emergy-based assessment on industrial symbiosis: a case of Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Industrial symbiosis is the sharing of services, utility, and by-product resources among industries. This is usually made in order to add value, reduce costs, and improve the environment, and therefore has been taken as an effective approach for developing an eco-industrial park, improving resource efficiency, and reducing pollutant emission. Most conventional evaluation approaches ignored the contribution of natural ecosystem to the development of industrial symbiosis and cannot reveal the interrelations between economic development and environmental protection, leading to a need of an innovative evaluation method. Under such a circumstance, we present an emergy analysis-based evaluation method by employing a case study at Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). Specific emergy indicators on industrial symbiosis, including emergy savings and emdollar value of total emergy savings, were developed so that the holistic picture of industrial symbiosis can be presented. Research results show that nonrenewable inputs, imported resource inputs, and associated services could be saved by 89.3, 32.51, and 15.7 %, and the ratio of emergy savings to emergy of the total energy used would be about 25.58 %, and the ratio of the emdollar value of total emergy savings to the total gross regional product (GRP) of SETDZ would be 34.38 % through the implementation of industrial symbiosis. In general, research results indicate that industrial symbiosis could effectively reduce material and energy consumption and improve the overall eco-efficiency. Such a method can provide policy insights to industrial park managers so that they can raise appropriate strategies on developing eco-industrial parks. Useful strategies include identifying more potential industrial symbiosis opportunities, optimizing energy structure, increasing industrial efficiency, recovering local ecosystems, and improving public and industrial awareness of eco-industrial park policies.     

采矿作业眼伤害的原因及对策

眼伤害在采矿作业的职业伤害中占有很高的比例,眼睛是接收获取信息的重要途径,保护作业者的眼睛必须予以高度重视。在B采矿企业的调查分析找出可能的伤害因素,并制定相应的解决方案,提高作业者的自我防护意识、选择符合相关的标准和法规要求、适合作业者脸型且佩戴舒适的眼护具,并促使其正确使用和维护等措施,不仅帮助了作业者降低职业眼伤害的风险,而且维护作业者和企业的长远利益。     

Effects of fluoride on the removal of cadmium and phosphate by aluminum coagulation

This study focuses on the effects of pH and fluoride at different molar ratios of fluoride to Al (R_F:Al) on the removal of cadmium (Cd²⁺) and phosphate by Al coagulation. Fluoride at R_F:Al ≥ 3:1 inhibits the removal of Cd over wide Al dose ranges from 5 to 10 mg/L as Al. The removal of phosphate decreases significantly at high R_F:Al of 10:1 whereas at lowered R_F:Al (i.e., ≤ 6:1), an adverse effect is observed only at insufficient Al doses below 2 mg/L. Fluoride shows inhibitive effects towards the removal of Cd at pH 7 and 8 and that of phosphate at pH 6. Fluoride decreases the ζ-potential in both systems, and the decreasing extent is positively correlated to the elevated R_F:Al. The Al fluoride interactions include the formation of Al–F complexes and the adsorption of fluoride onto Al(OH)₃ precipitates, i.e., the formation of Al(OH)_nF_m. Al–F complex formation inhibits Al hydrolysis and increases residual Al levels, and a more significant increase was observed at lower pH. Al–F complexes at high R_F:Al complicate the coagulation behavior of Al towards both negative and positive ionic species. Moreover, fluoride at low R_F:Al shows little effect on Al coagulation behavior towards Cd^2 + and phosphate, and the spent defluoridation adsorbent, i.e., aluminum (Al) hydro(oxide) with adsorbed fluoride at R_F:Al of below 0.1:1, may be reclaimed as a coagulant after being dissolved.     

焦化厂清洁生产审核中／高费方案实施与效益分析

根据企业清洁生产审核实际情况，针对中／高费方案的产生与实施，从经济、环境方面分析企业实施清洁生产审核所取得的成效，指出实施清洁生产审核不仅可以促进企业的发展，而且可以使企业获得经济效益和环境效益的“双赢”。     

Economic structural change,renewable energy development,and carbon dioxide emissions in China

As the world’s largest emitter, China’s reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is crucial for the achievement of global temperature rise goals. In this paper, we employed input-output structural decomposition analysis and index decomposition analysis to assess the factors driving changes in China’s CO2 emissions from 2000 to 2018, with particular attention to the role of renewable energy development. Our results indicate that the slowdown of economic growth and rapid structural change, rather than the shifting fuel mix, were the major forces driving China’s recent slowdown of CO2 emissions ever since 2011. Despite the great importance attached to renewable energy development, non-hydro renewable has played negligible role in reducing China’s CO2 emissions. This suggests that China cannot simply rely on the large-scale development of renewable energies to achieve its Paris 2015 target and must make further drastic cuts that will help keep global temperature rise well below 2 °C above pre-industrial level. Major breakthroughs in scalable low carbon energy sources and technologies will be required, especially in the developing world.

     

新生态MnO_2处理土霉素生产废水的实验研究

用高锰酸钾和硫酸锰反应制得亚微米级新生态MnO2 .采用先石灰法除草酸盐、后用&MnO2 吸附处理CODcr≤ 5 70 0mg/L的土霉素生产废水的方案 ,在pH <3、MnO2 投加量为 30 0ppm及常温常压下 ,则可使COD去除率达到 58.1～ 65 .9% .实验证明 ,新生态MnO2 吸附剂有一定的应用前景