青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料的营养价值研究

为探讨青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料潜在的营养价值,本研究以抗生素制药厂发酵剩余培养基(即青霉素菌渣)为研究对象,利用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱对菌渣中的非金属元素、金属元素进行了测定,并利用氨基酸分析仪、凯氏定氮法、DNS法、索氏提取法对其基本营养物质氨基酸、粗蛋白、总糖及脂肪含量进行了简单分析。结果表明:C、N、S、H 4种非金属元素含量较高,其中,动物体有机体常量元素C含量最高,质量分数为34.52%。相对而言,金属元素含量较低,其中K、Na等常量元素含量较高,4种重金属污染物Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量与相关国家饲料安全标准对照而得,均低于下限水平。此外,以蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量为考察指标评价了青霉素菌渣的营养特性,并进一步分析了更有利于动物吸收利用的小分子氨基酸含量。结果表明:青霉素菌渣具有较高的潜在营养特性,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量均较高,分别为568.767、82.919、320.51 mg/g,同时各种为生命体生长所需的氨基酸含量较丰富,其中苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸含量最高。     

施用粪肥蔬菜基地抗生素残留的研究进展

从施用粪肥的土壤及蔬菜中抗生素的含量与分布特征、抗生素残留对土壤微生物数量、酶活性及对蔬菜产量、品质的影响方面进行了综述,为进一步对施用粪肥蔬菜基地抗生素残留的研究提供参考。结果表明:规模养殖场产生的畜禽粪便作为有机肥料施入蔬菜基地,可造成土壤抗生素残留污染,并可通过干扰土壤微生物的群落结构与功能及土壤酶活性而影响土壤肥力,甚至可被作物吸收累积从而危及农产品质量安全。     

高效降解青霉素菌的筛选鉴定及降解效果研究

从哈尔滨制药总厂的青霉素发酵药渣中富集筛选出6株青霉素耐受菌株,经驯化后,采用高效液相色谱法检验其对青霉素的降解效率,经比较得到一株青霉素高效降解菌株,编号为JZ6。青霉素浓度300 mg/L,30℃,p H6.7,121 r/min条件下恒温震荡培养24 h后,在青霉素做唯一碳源情况下,青霉素几乎不被降解,外加碳氮源后降解率可达到99.98%。对其进行电镜扫描和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定其属于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia cenocepacia),16SrDNA序列长度为1451bp,在Gen Bank登录号为KF826288。     

AMF对铯胁迫下宿根高粱根系AsA-GSH循环的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了Glomus geosporum,G.mosseae,G.versiforme,G.etunicatum以及G.diaphanum等5种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对核素铯污染胁迫下宿根高粱根系抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(As A-GSH)循环的影响。结果表明,接种G.mosseae,G.versiforme和G.etunicatum处理显著增加了核素铯污染胁迫下宿根高粱根系还原性抗坏血酸(As A)和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,同时,3种处理还显著提高了As A/DHA和GSH/GSSG比值;另外,5种菌根处理均提高了As A-GSH循环酶活性,其中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、双脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)以G.mosseae处理效果最好,其活性分别相当于对照的4.74,3.63和2.34倍,而单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)活性以接种G.versiforme处理增加最大,与对照相比增加了2.39 U/g FW,说明AMF能促进铯污染下宿根高粱根系As A-GSH循环快速有效地运转,增强植物耐核素铯的能力。     

Progress and prospects of atmospheric environmental sciences in China: Preface

正Anthropogenic emissions impact significantly the atmospheric environment which human being relies on,e.g.,global warming,stratospheric ozone depletion,photochemical smog,acid rain,haze and so on.Although clean air actions have been legislated by many nations to mitigate pollutants’emission with the aim of protecting the atmospheric environment,     

危险化学品泄漏事故处置

为了降低危险化学品泄漏事故造成的损失和危害,本文系统介绍了危险化学品泄漏事故的应急处置措施,并根据泄漏物质的危险特性,分八大类介绍了不同物质的最简便、有效的泄漏处置方法.     

石化企业HSE管理平台设计与实现

阐述了石化企业HSE管理平台的设计思想和主要功能,介绍了HSE平台的特点.该平台的建立和运行,将提高企业安全管理的效率,使之更加科学化、系统化、规范化、制度化.     

The role of pH in the fermentative H2 production from an acidogenic granule-based reactor

The role of pH in the fermentative H(2) production from an upflow acidogenic granule-based reactor was investigated in this study. Experimental results show that all H(2) partial pressure, H(2) production rate and H(2) yield were pH-dependent, in the range of 2.8 x 10(4)-5.2 x 10(4)Pa, 61-145 ml-H(2)l(-1)h(-1) and 0.68-1.61 mol-H(2)mol-glucose(-1), respectively. The maximum H(2) partial pressure was observed at pH 3.4, while both maximum H(2) production rate and H(2) yield were found at pH 4.2. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, i-butyrate, valerate, caporate and ethanol were present in the effluent of this UASB reactor, and their distribution was also pH-dependent. As pH was decreased from 4.2 to a lower level of 3.4 or increased to a higher level of 6.3, the fermentative type of this H(2)-producing reactor would shift from butyrate-type to caporate- or ethanol-type. Thermodynamic analysis was performed to explore the possible metabolic pathways of caproate and valerate formation. The metabolic pathway of caproate formation was pH-dependent, while that of valerate formation was pH-independent. A neural network model was designed, trained and validated. It was able to successfully describe the daily variations of H(2) partial pressure and H(2) yield of the reactor, and to predict its steady state performance at various pHs.     

Environmental assessment of different advanced oxidation processes applied to a bleaching Kraft mill effluent

Basic research on remediation of polluted sediment by leaching has, to date, been carried out exclusively with suspended material. For economic reasons, only solid-bed leaching is applicable to large-scale processes. Abiotic and microbial solid-bed leaching were comparatively studied in a percolator system using ripened and therefore permeable heavy metal polluted river sediment. In the case of abiotic leaching, sulfuric acid was supplied to the sediment by circulating water; the lower the pH of the percolating water, the higher the percolation flow, and the lower the solid-bed height was, the faster the heavy metals were solubilized. However, the pH and percolation flow are subjected to restrictions: strongly acidic conditions result in dissolution of mineral components, and the percolation flow must not exceed the bed permeability. And a high solid bed is an economic requirement. In the case of bioleaching, elemental sulfur added to the sediment was oxidized to sulfuric acid within the package which, in turn, solubilized the heavy metals. Here, the percolation flow and the solid-bed height did not affect the rate of metal solubilization. Solid-bed leaching on a larger scale will thus be much more efficient applying bioleaching with sulfur as the leaching agent than abiotic leaching with sulfuric acid.