Vertical distributions of COS and CS2 in Beijing City

Vertical distributions of COS and CS2 were measured at a meteorological tower in Beijing City. The mixing ratios of COS and CS2 are in the range of 371--1681 pptv and 246--1222 pptv, respectively. The significant high mixing ratios of the two compounds at ground level and distinct vertical distributions indicated the existence of strong anthropogenic sources of COS and CS2 in Beijing City. Domestic stoves and central heaters are important sources of COS during winter season. Cesspools may play significant role on COS over whole seasons. Chemical productions may be responsible for the observed hiah mixina ratios of CS2 in Beiiina Citv.     

基于Visual Basic.NET的油气事故应急资源需求预测支持决策系统

针对油气事故后应急资源需求预测困难的问题,在对油气事故特性及应急资源需求类型分析的基础上,构建了基于案例推理(CBR)的油气事故应急资源需求预测模型,并使用Visual Basic.NET及SQL Server数据库开发了油气事故应急资源需求预测支持决策系统。将该系统应用于实际油气事故案例进行验证,结果表明系统中应急资源需求预测模型科学可靠,系统对油气事故应急资源需求预测结果与其实际用量基本吻合。该系统可为油气事故后快速有效开展应急救援活动提供相应的理论依据。     

Global sources,emissions, transport and deposition of dust and sand and their effects on the climate and environment: a review

Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) originating in deserts in arid and semi-arid regions are events raising global public concern. An important component of atmospheric aerosols, dust aerosols play a key role in climatic and environmental changes at the regional and the global scale. Deserts and semi-deserts are the main source of dust and sand, but regions that undergo vegetation deterioration and desertification due to climate change and human activities also contribute significantly to DSS. Dust aerosols are mainly composed of dust particles with an average diameter of 2 mm, which can be transported over thousands of kilometers. Dust aerosols influence the radiation budget of the earthatmosphere system by scattering solar short-wave radiation and absorbing surface long-wave radiation. They can also change albedo and rainfall patterns because they can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nuclei (IN). Dust deposition is an important source of both marine nutrients and contaminants. Dust aerosols that enter marine ecosystems after long-distance transport influence phytoplankton biomass in the oceans, and thus global climate by altering the amount of CO₂ absorbed by phytoplankton. In addition, the carbonates carried by dust aerosols are an important source of carbon for the alkaline carbon pool, which can buffer atmospheric acidity and increase the alkalinity of seawater. DSS have both positive and negative impacts on human society: they can exert adverse impacts on human’s living environment, but can also contribute to the mitigation of global warming and the reduction of atmospheric acidity.

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The acute toxicity of bisphenol A and lignin-derived bisphenol in algae,daphnids, and Japanese medaka

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Risk assessing newly synthesized chemicals prior to their applications is extremely important, if we want to ensure substitution of risky chemicals...     

试论环境地貌学

环境地貌学从人类活动与环境地貌相互作用的角度,运用系统论,综合分析法,研究现存地貌特征及后效,做出环境地貌的经济评价,探讨环境地貌的社会经济文化效应。     

硫氰酸钠对斑马鱼毒性的评价

为了研究植物性饲料代谢产生的中间产物硫氰酸钠(NaSCN)对水生生物的毒性效应,首先将斑马鱼(Brachy danio rerio)暴露于NaSCN的8个浓度组中进行96 h-LC50急性毒性试验,测得其半致死浓度(96 h-LC50)为403 mg·L-1.再以安全浓度(1/10LC50.)为基准,等对数设置3个质量...     

麦芽糊精修饰测酚酪氨酸酶膜电极的研制

研究了用麦芽糊精修饰的电流型酪氨酸酶膜电极测水中酚类污染物质的方法。电极的工作条件为 :工作电位- 1 0 0mV ,工作pH值 5 4 0 ,测量时间 3min。在此测量条件下 ,所研制电极对苯酚浓度的检测下限为 1 0 0×1 0 - 6 mol L ,线性区间为 1 0 0× 1 0 - 6 ～ 1 0 0× 1 0 - 4mol L ,精密度和准确度良好 ,分别为 2 5 %和 0 2 0 % ,并具有一定的抗阴阳离子干扰的能力。此电极对其它酚类物质如邻苯二酚、对氯苯酚、间甲酚等都有良好的响应。在使用 72h后 ,电极响应最好 ,1周后电极仍可用于检测     

大型烧结机头电除尘器提效改造探讨

本文针对320m^2烧结机头电除尘器烟气、烟尘的特点,以及该电除尘器存在的关键问题,着重介绍在改造上采用新的除尘技术和方法,使改造后的电除尘器能够满足机头工艺除尘的要求,达到提效净化烟气达标排放的目的。     

Comparative analysis of the street generation of inorganic urban solid waste (IUSW) in two neighborhoods of Mexico City

Inorganic urban solid waste (IUSW) is a serious problem in developing countries, and IUSW in the street that does not have adequate final disposal is responsible for serious environmental effects. The aim of this work was to determine the dynamics of the generation of IUSW in the streets of two neighborhoods of different socioeconomic strata in Mexico City during 5 weeks in 2006. The amount of IUSW was recorded every day from 9:00 to 12:00 h, separated, classified, and registered. It was found that plastic (50%) and paper (44.5%) wastes were found most frequently, whereas, textiles (0.4%) and glass (0.5%) wastes were present less frequently in all samples. The IUSWs without commercial brands were more abundant. Branded plastic wrappers of PepsiCo and Bimbo, as well as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers of Coca Cola, registered the highest values, while Gatorade, Barrilitos, and Peñafiel registered the lowest. The neighborhood with a higher income and more vegetation on sidewalks or in jardinières, which are used to hide solid waste, had more IUSW than the neighborhood with lower income, where IUSW was thrown out directly into the street. The knowledge of the real generation and composition of IUSW will contribute to the prevention of its negative environmental and social impacts, as well as guarantee the efficiency of its sustainable management.