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341.
简要介绍了曳引式电梯平衡系数的本质和意义;分析了现行的各种针对曳引式电梯平衡系数检测方法的优缺点,并对曳引式电梯平衡系数检测的未来发展趋势做出了展望。 相似文献
342.
343.
微塑料污染是近年来受到国际社会广泛关注的海洋环境问题之一,由微塑料造成的生态和人类健康风险不容小觑,但微塑料对鱼类的长期危害目前尚无定论.为评估微塑料颗粒对海洋鱼类的长期影响,选取塑料生产和环境中常见的聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)为研究对象,对海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)60 dph(days post hatching,dph)幼鱼进行了为期50 d的长期暴露,系统研究PS暴露对海水青鳉亲代的生长、繁殖和子代胚胎发育等的影响.结果显示,在粒径为10μm、浓度为1×104 parti-cles·L-1和1×105 particles·L-1暴露条件下,PS处理组亲代体长和体质量的改变与对照组相比无显著差异,PS暴露未显著影响亲代性成熟进程和受精过程;PS暴露未显著影响子代胚胎心率和孵化时间,但能显著降低子代孵化率,造成胚胎发育畸形.上述结果表明,PS长期暴露对亲代生长和繁殖未产生明显影响,但对子代的胚胎发育具有不利影响,研究结果为科学评估海洋微塑料污染的生态风险提供了重要参考. 相似文献
344.
Great attention should be paid to the possible impacts of various nanoparticles on aquatic organism. Freshwater diatoms are essential components of phytoplankton and play a critical role in bioassessment of nanoparticle exposure in the environment. In this study, cell growth was inhibited by TiO2-NPs and MWCNTs, the 24?h EC50 values of TiO2-NPs and MWCNTs to Nitzschia frustulum were 20.75 and 24.64?mg?L?1, respectively. Significant decreases of Chl a content after TiO2-NPs exposures were detected and the Chl a content of N. frustulum was obviously increased by MWCNTs treatment at lower concentration. The ROS was detected in N. frustulum after TiO2-NPs and MWCNTs exposures. The MDA content was significantly induced by TiO2-NPs at lower concentrations of 24 and 48?h exposure; meanwhile, it increased at all tested concentrations at 24?h MWCNTs exposure. The SOD enzyme was induced by 72 and 96?h TiO2-NPs exposure, and increased by MWCNTs treatment at 96?h in N. frustulum. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that N. frustulum had obvious cell deformation after TiO2-NPs treatment. The result showed that the physiological and biochemical response mechanisms after NPs exposure of diatom were species-specific, and in relation to the exposure concentration and time. 相似文献
345.
Yuhan Zheng Zhiguo Su Tianjiao Dai Feifei Li Bei Huang Qinglin Mu Chuanping Feng Donghui Wen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(6):90
346.
在分析青藏工程走廊冻土波速基本特征基础上,结合室内动三轴有关冻土动力学特性的试验结果,考虑不同超越概率的人造地震荷载作用,对青藏高原多年冻土场地地震动特征进行分析。冻土场地地震反应计算考虑了气候变化和工程活动引起多年冻土温度升高、活动层厚度增大的背景,分别对不同冻土场地条件地震动特征进行分析,明确了活动层厚度、融冻状态及冻土层厚度等因素对冻土场地的加速度放大效应、地基土应变及反应谱特征周期变化特征。研究结果表明,尽管地表峰值加速度放大系数随活动层厚度增加而增加,然而活动层土体厚度及状态的变化不足以改变场地的固有特性,对场地特征周期影响不明显。场地的固有特性随着冻土层厚度的变化而发生变化,冻土层厚度对地震动放大效应的抑制作用随着输入地震荷载的增大越为明显。冻土层厚度对场地特征周期值影响较大,场地特征周期随着冻土层厚度增加呈对数增大趋势。 相似文献
347.
An adequate reserve of dissolved oxygen in a receiving stream is extremely important for protecting aquatic plants and animals, and for conserving our water resources. This paper briefly describes the environmental engineering significance of the stream self-purification, the current stream quality standards on dissolved oxygen concentration, and the solubility of dissolved oxygen in water. Special emphasis is placed on the modelling of the biological reactions and the dissolved oxygen saturation concentration in fresh water. The model can be used for calculating the dissolved oxygen saturation concentration, in turn, for determining the dissolved oxygen deficits, the critical dissolved oxygen concentration, and the allowable dissolved oxygen drop in a stream into which the waste water is discharged. 相似文献
348.
Comparison of estimates of first-year dairy manure nitrogen availability or recovery using nitrogen-15 and other techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Measurements of dairy manure nutrient availability to crops typically show great variability. Approaches that are more accurate are needed to improve manure management and reduce nutrient loss to the environment. In this study, we compared direct (15N recovery) and indirect (difference method [Diff Meth] and fertilizer equivalence [FE] approach) methods of determining first-year dairy manure N availability or recovery during three cropping seasons. A field experiment was conducted on a Plano silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls) planted to corn (Zea mays L.). Plots received either manure, fertilizer N, or no N. Microplots receiving 15N-labeled manure were also established each study year. Manure was applied to a new plot each cropping season. Whole-plant N uptake was the best crop parameter to use for FE estimates. Estimates of N availability by relative effectiveness (Rel Eff), which are derived from the Diff Meth, and FE were similar (32 and 41%, respectively) and higher than unlabeled N or 15N recovery measurements because these indices factor in N use efficiency. Measures of the Rel Eff of manure N use were highly affected by control plot N uptake. The FE approach is less influenced by control plots, but it requires the inclusion of several more treatments and use of mathematical functions to describe crop response to N. These limitations are reflected in the wide ranges obtained for N availability estimates (-60 to 148%). Although apparent N recovery by the Diff Meth (14%) or direct measurements of 15N recovery (16%) were close on average, variability tended to be much lower for the 15N method. In addition, the Diff Meth was highly dependent on initial soil conditions. Use of 15N-labeled manure, although more costly and time-consuming, provided more consistent and reliable results. 相似文献
349.
350.
陕西省林火灾害及预防对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用陕西省5大林区9a火灾个例及相关资料,分析得出陕西省林火的时空分布规律,火源特点,林火造成的灾害,林火发生发展的影响因子,并提出了相应的森林防火对策。 相似文献