铁碳微电解-Fenton法预处理苯胺基乙腈生产废水

采用铁碳微电解-Fenton法对苯胺基乙腈生产废水进行预处理实验。通过静态实验确定铁碳微电解最佳条件为铁屑投加量300 g/L,Fe/C质量比为2∶3,反应75 min,不需要调节进水pH;Fenton反应最佳条件为铁碳微电解出水pH=4,30%H2O2投加量15 mL/L,在搅拌条件下反应60 min;然后沉淀反应时调节pH为9,混凝沉淀75 min。在上述条件下通过动态实验得到系统连续反应在48 h内废水的COD和苯胺去除率在50%和70%以上,可生化性BOD5/COD也保持在0.3以上,为后续生物处理创造了良好条件。     

高浓度悬浮液的混凝实验及机理研究

进行了高浓度悬浮液的混凝实验研究。为研究混合阶段渐变剪切速率对混凝沉降效果的影响,在混合阶段分别采用固定搅拌转速和渐变搅拌转速进行实验。在混合阶段采用固定搅拌转速,当搅拌转速为210r/min时,絮体二维分形维数最高为1.8847,悬浮液浊度最低为118NTU。采用渐变搅拌转速的方法,由210r/min开始逐渐降低搅拌转速,絮体二维分形维数最大,为1.9205,处理后悬浮液浊度最小,为107NTU。在一般混凝沉降过程的规律及模型的基础上,提出了高浓度悬浮液混凝沉降过程的物理模型。     

微波诱导催化剂Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3的制备及其对甲基橙的催化降解性能

采用分层浸渍法制备了微波诱导催化剂Fe2O3-CeO2／γ—Al2O3。采用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）等方法对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了该催化剂在微波诱导氧化工艺（MIOP）中的催化活性。实验结果表明,在微波输出功率为450W、催化剂加入量为10g/L的条件下,处理50mL质量浓度为25mg／L的甲基橙溶液,微波照射处理3min后,甲基橙溶液的脱色率达93．6％。     

论环境公益诉讼

进入21世纪以来,人们对自然环境的破坏日趋加剧,地球环境不断恶化,由此引发了层出不穷的环境争议。环境公益诉讼制度作为最有强制力、最为公平正义的终局解决办法,是解决环境问题,保护国家、社会和公众环境权益的最有效途径,并在现代法治社会中起到越来越突出的作用。从环境公益诉讼的基础理论出发,借鉴国外环境公益诉讼的经验,分析我国环境诉讼法律制度存在的问题,阐述建立环境公益诉讼制度的必要性,并提出建立环境公益诉讼制度的建议,旨在探索一条落实科学发展观的环境保护新思路。     

膜生物反应器污水处理数学模型研究及其应用现状

膜生物反应器(MBR)具有与传统工艺无法比拟的优势而成为污水处理中很有前景的工艺。由于MBR工艺本身固有的复杂性和不确定性,发展一种能够为该工艺提供整体性理解的模型是相当必要的。模型的建立可为MBR污水处理的优化设计和运行控制提供理论依据。给出了3类用于模拟MBR工艺的模型:生物动力学模型、膜污染模型和对MBR完整描述的综合模型。在此基础上,阐述了每个模型各自的机制和功能,分析讨论了模型研究与应用中存在的问题,并提出了MBR相关模型的发展前景。     

Seasonal and spatial variation of organic tracers for biomass burning in PM1 aerosols from highly insolated urban areas

PM₁ aerosol characterization on organic tracers for biomass burning (levoglucosan and its isomers and dehydroabietic acid) was conducted within the AERTRANS project. PM₁ filters (N?=?90) were sampled from 2010 to 2012 in busy streets in the urban centre of Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) at ground-level and at roof sites. In both urban areas, biomass burning was not expected to be an important local emission source, but regional emissions from wildfires, residential heating or biomass removal may influence the air quality in the cities. Although both areas are under influence of high solar radiation, Madrid is situated in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, while Barcelona is located at the Mediterranean Coast and under influence of marine atmospheres. Two extraction methods were applied, i.e. Soxhlet and ASE, which showed equivalent results after GC-MS analyses. The ambient air concentrations of the organic tracers for biomass burning increased by an order of magnitude at both sites during winter compared to summer. An exception was observed during a PM event in summer 2012, when the atmosphere in Barcelona was directly affected by regional wildfire smoke and levels were four times higher as those observed in winter. Overall, there was little variation between the street and roof sites in both cities, suggesting that regional biomass burning sources influence the urban areas after atmospheric transport. Despite the different atmospheric characteristics in terms of air relative humidity, Madrid and Barcelona exhibit very similar composition and concentrations of biomass burning organic tracers. Nevertheless, levoglucosan and its isomers seem to be more suitable for source apportionment purposes than dehydroabietic acid. In both urban areas, biomass burning contributions to PM were generally low (2 %) in summer, except on the day when wildfire smoke arrive to the urban area. In the colder periods the contribution increase to around 30 %, indicating that regional biomass burning has a substantial influence on the urban air quality.     

Field evaluation of nitrogen availability from fresh and composted manure

Prediction of manure nitrogen availability to crops is key to ensuring adequate production while minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts. This field study estimated first-year and residual N availability from several manures subjected to various levels of processing, and evaluated the applicability of the pre-sidedress soil N test (PSNT) in fields receiving the different manures using corn (Zea mays L.) as the test crop. Plots received several rates of fresh (FP), dried (DP), or composted (CP) poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure, composted cow (Bos taurus) (CC) manure, ammonium nitrate (AN), or no N. Crop yields and N uptake from plots where CC was applied were undistinguishable from controls in most years, whereas poultry manures significantly increased corn production. Average apparent first-year N availability, as measured by fertilizer equivalence, was 57, 53, 14, and 4% for FP, DP, CP, and CC respectively. Apparent second-year N availability, as measured by relative effectiveness, was 18, 19, 12, and 7% for FP, DP, CP, and CC; however, for CC both first- and second-year estimates of apparent N recovery (ANR) could statistically not be separated from the controls. Apparent nitrogen avail-ability was greater for less processed manures and for CP compared to CC, emphasizing that producers should know the source and level of compost stability when these materials are used as a primary nutrient source. The PSNT successfully (87% correct) identified sites with a critical value of 24 mg kg(-1) that were N sufficient across a variety of N amendments from those that would have benefitted from additional N input.     

浅谈研讨式教学在网站综合设计模块教学中的应用

研讨式教学模式的宗旨是在实践中培养学生多方面的能力,提高学生的综合素质。网站综合设计课程开设的目的在于培养学生对网站建设开发的综合设计能力,采用研讨式教学模式改变了教学过程中教师和学生的互动方式,强调了学生在学习过程中的主体性作用,实现了教学上的五个转变,同时也达到了预期的教学效果。     

球团竖炉工艺除尘用新型高效电除尘器

根据竖炉烟尘特点,提出电除尘器设计方面值得推广应用的新技术,如振打方式、振打锤形式、绝缘悬吊方式、供电方式等,力求实用。     

Simultaneous monitoring of PCB profiles in the urban air of Dalian, China with active and passive samplings

The concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the urban air of Dalian, China was monitored from November 2009 to October 2010 with active high-volume sampler and semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) passive sampler. The concentration of PCBs (particle + gas) ( ∑ PCBs) ranged from 18.6 to 91.0 pg/m 3 , with an average of 50.9 pg/m 3 , and the most abundant dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) was PCB118. The WHO-TEQ values of DL-PCBs were 3.6-22.1 fg/m3 , with an average of 8.5 fg/m 3 , and PCB126 was the maximum contributor to ∑ TEQ. There was a much larger amount of PCBs in the gas phase than in the particulate phase. The dominant PCB components were lower and middle molecular weight PCBs. With increasing chlorination level, the concentration of the PCB congeners in the air decreased. The gas-particulate partitioning of PCBs was different for the four seasons. The gas- particulate partitioning coefficients (logK p ) vs. subcooled liquid vapor pressures (logP L 0 ) of PCBs had reasonable correlations for different sampling sites and seasons. The absorption mechanism contributed more to the gas-particulate partitioning process than adsorption. Correlation analysis of meteorological parameters with the concentration of PCBs was conducted using SPSS packages. The ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were important factors influencing the concentration of PCBs in the air. The distribution pattern of the congeners of PCBs and the dominant contributors to DL-PCBs and TEQ in active samples and SPMDs passive samples were similar. SPMD mainly sequestrated gas phase PCBs.