混汞法采金地区的汞污染研究进展

混汞法是一种设备简单、操作简便且应用历史悠久的提金方法 ,在世界范围内得到了普遍使用 ,同时也导致了严重的汞污染。本文介绍了混汞法的流程以及汞的释放过程和释放因子 ;综述了应用混汞法提金的不同国家和地区 ,对由此引发的大气、水体、生物 (包括人体 )和土壤汞污染的研究现状 ,并讨论了采金地区的环境管理政策     

Novel perspective for urban water resource management: 5R generation

• 5R (Recover, Reduce, Recycle, Resource and Reuse) approaches to manage urban water. • 5R harvests storm water, gray water and black water in several forms. • 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity in practice. Demand for water is expanding with increases in population, particularly in urban areas in developing countries. Additionally, urban water system needs a novel perspective for upgradation with urbanization. This perspective presents a novel 5R approach for managing urban water resources: Recover (storm water), Reduce (toilet flushing water), Recycle (gray water), Resource (black water), and Reuse (advanced-treated wastewater). The 5R generation incorporates the latest ideas for harvesting storm water, gray water, and black water in its several forms. This paper has briefly demonstrated each R of 5R generation for water treatment and reuse. China has the chance to upgrade its urban water systems according to 5R principles. Already, a demonstration project of 5R generation has been installed in Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition, and Dalian International Convention Center (China) has applied 5R, achieving over 70% water saving. The 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity from “hoped for in the future” to “realistic today”.     

Exogenously applied oxalic acid assists in the phytoremediation of Mn by Polygonum pubescens Blume cultivated in three Mn-contaminated soils

• The OA supply significantly increased the water-extractable Mn in all soils. • All OA supply levels promoted plant growth in unexplored soil. • Low OA supply level promoted plant growth in explored and tailing soils. • OA amendment increased the Mn concentrations and total Mn in P. pubescens. • P. pubescens experienced less Mn stress in unexplored soil than in the other two soils. The current study evaluated the effects of oxalic acid (OA) application on the growth and Mn phytoremediation efficiency of Polygonum pubescens Blume cultivated in three different manganese (Mn)-contaminated soils sampled from an unexplored area (US), an explored area (ES) and a tailing area (TS) of the Ertang Mn mine, South China. The supplied levels of OA were 0 (control), 1 (low level), 3 (medium level), and 9 (high level) mmol/kg, referred to as CK, OA1, OA3 and OA9, respectively. The results revealed that the average water-extractable Mn concentrations US, ES and TS amended with OA increased by 214.13, 363.77 and 266.85%, respectively. All OA supply levels increased plant growth and Mn concentrations in US. The low OA supply level increased plant growth in ES and TS; however, contrasting results were found for the medium and high OA supply levels. Plant Mn concentrations and total Mn increased in ES and TS in response to all OA supply levels. Total Mn in the aerial parts increased by 81.18, 44.17 and 83.17% in US, ES and TS, respectively; the corresponding percentages for the whole plants were 81.53, 108.98 and 77.91%, respectively. The rate of ·O₂⁻ production and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations increased in response to OA amendment, especially the medium and high OA supply levels in ES and TS. In general, antioxidant enzymes might play a vital role in alleviating Mn stress in plants cultivated in US, while non-enzymatic antioxidants might be the main factor for plants cultivated in ES and TS.     

运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英急性暴露大鼠肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

观察8周中等强度游泳运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,2,3,7,8-TCDD)急性暴露大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响。以8周龄雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠为研究对象,将大鼠随机分为玉米油静养组(NC组)、玉米油运动组(EC组)、TCDD静养组(NT)和TCDD运动组(ET组)。将TCDD溶于玉米油中,NT和ET组大鼠按照10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)腹腔注射TCDD,NC和EC组大鼠注射等量玉米油。正式实验开始后,EC和ET组大鼠进行运动(尾部负重5%游泳30min),每周运动5 d,共8周,NC和NT组大鼠不进行任何运动干预。8周后,称重并宰杀大鼠,收集血清和肝组织样本,待测血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的活性;肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。将数据进行多因素方差分析,结果表明,染毒可升高大鼠血清AST的活性,增加肝脏MDA的含量,降低肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性;运动可降低大鼠肝脏GSH-Px的活性;染毒后运动可减少肝脏MDA的含量,升高肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性。研究表明,TCDD急性暴露可导致大鼠肝细胞功能受损,导致大鼠肝脏发生氧化应激。8周有氧运动改善TCDD急性暴露诱导的肝细胞损伤,改善肝脏氧化应激,这可能是运动改善TCDD肝毒性的机制之一。     

镉对3株不同地点生长的大麻生长及矿质元素吸收的影响

为了研究镉胁迫对不同大麻生长的影响,以来自山西的大麻M1和来自甘肃的大麻M2、M3为材料,通过土培盆栽试验,研究了镉胁迫对大麻SPAD值、光合参数、不同组织碳水化合物含量和矿质元素含量的影响及不同地点株间差异。结果表明:镉胁迫显著降低大麻SPAD值,及其光合能力,且不同植株间存在显著差异,M1受抑制严重;镉胁迫使大麻地上部蔗糖和总可溶性糖含量显著升高,根系、叶片和籽粒淀粉含量显著降低。镉含量分析结果显示,镉主要滞留在根系中,其中M1镉积累量最高;镉胁迫显著抑制了大麻M1根系对锰和铜元素的吸收,同时也影响了其在地上部各器官的分配和积累,降低了M3对锌元素的吸收。镉对大麻的影响因大麻不同植株间及组织部位而异。     

防护服设计中时尚与功能性的协调作用

本文探讨了防护服的产品开发设计过程,重点考虑了怎样将时尚和功能这两个元素和谐地融入到防护服的产品开发中去。本文还列举了一些目前最新的防护服开发案例,也阐明了未来的纺织技术对防护服产生的影响。通过大量的防护服开发案例分析,文章传递着这样一个信息：在不久的将来,防护服会变得更具有保护功能,同时更适应人们的需求,这些需求包括了感官的、情感的、生态的和美观的等;与此同时,防护服的款式和设计也决定了它被接受的程度。     

复合指纹识别泥沙来源:潜在泥沙源地的选择

复合指纹识别技术应用于泥沙源解析的前提是假设研究者能够确定流域内泥沙的潜在来源类型,并且各泥沙源地所占比例之和为1,对潜在源地预判的不确定性将会对结果产生一定的影响。以南京市九乡河上游流域为例,对不同源地各指纹因子做均值显著性检验,检验各个预判源地能否单独作为潜在泥沙源地,同时对比分析不同沙源地对复合指纹因子判断泥沙来源正确率的影响,定量分析沙源地预判过程中的不足,探讨如何减少沙源地选择对泥沙来源识别的影响。通过对比研究发现,预判的4种泥沙源地被重新调整为农田、林地和道路3种类型。调整后各源地指纹因子差异性明显提高,不同泥沙来源的正确判别率最高达到89.2%,泥沙贡献率从高到低依次为农田(39.9%~87.8%)、林地(0.1%~47.7%)和道路用地(0~25.6%)。     

地铁应急救援方案的研究

本文从地铁事故的救援程序、体系等方面详细叙述了地铁应急救援方案.     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Rigid Foam Based on Epoxidized Soybean Oil

A soypolyol based on epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was prepared in the presence of HBF₄ and diethanolamine (DEA) was used as ring opener. A series of polyurethane rigid foam were prepared by mixing polyol with TDI using an isocyanate index of 1.1. The polyol used in this paper were a mixture of soypolyol and a commercial PL-5601 polyester polyol and the mass fraction of PL-5601 was in the range of 0–60%. The thermal properties of the resins were characterized by DSC and TG. The results showed that these rigid foams possess high thermal stability. There were two glass transition temperature of each foam and Tg₁ was increasing with the increasing of OH value. The compression strength of the foam was also recorded, and the effect of mass ratio of soypolyol and PL-5601 polyester polyol on the compression strength was discussed.     

Water quality of Lugu Lake: Changes,causes and measurements

Lugu lake is an alpine lake in Yunnan Province in western China. It is famous for its beautiful scenery and the special culture of Mosuo people in this area. The lake is becoming contaminated and eutrophicated because of the huge number of visitors and improvements in agriculture during the last decade. This paper uses the water quality index (WQI) as an indicator to describe trends in contamination of Lugu Lake from 1995 to 2004 and analyses several parameters to determine the causes and consequences of contamination. We found that the dominant cause was pollution from tourism and suggest some feasible measures to prevent further deterioration of the lake water quality.