金沙江水系稀土元素环境背景值和地球化学特征

采用化学分离富集－等离子发射光谱法测定籽金沙水系江水和沉积物中１５个稀土元素（Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｄ，Ｔｂ，Ｄｙ，Ｅｒ，Ｔｍ，Ｙｂ，Ｉｕ，Ｓｃ和Ｙ）的含量，提供了金沙江水系江水和沉积物稀土元素环境背景值，结果表明，金沙江水系稀土元素分布模式呈负斜率，肴呈负异常，水系沉积物∑Ｃｅ／∑Ｙ比值在２．５２－４．１８之间，Ｅｕ／∑ＲＥＥ比值在０．５６－０．９４之间，说明金沙江水系沉积物属贫     

Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in street dust from the Chang-Zhu-Tan Region, Hunan, China

Street dusts collected from 20 locations in the Chang-Zhu-Tan (Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan) region, Hunan, China, in May to July 2006, were investigated for sources of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The individual PAH concentrations were in the range of 10–4316 ng g^?1, and ∑PAHs₁₆ levels were in the range of 3,515–24,488 ng g^?1, with a mean of 8,760 ng g^?1. The high-molecular-weight PAHs (four to six rings), ranging from 47.51 to 82.11 %, with a mean of 74.79 %, were the dominant PAH compounds in almost all of the dusts. The isomer ratios suggested a rather uniform mixture of coal combustion and petroleum PAH sources. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis indicate that the main sources of the 16 PAHs were coal combustion/vehicle exhaust, coking/petroleum, and plant combustion, with contribution rates of 50.9, 35.01, and 14.08, respectively. The spatial distributions of PAH concentrations were significantly related to the distribution of industries, traffic circulation, and farmland in this region.     

Stability of alpine timberline ecotone on Taibai Mountain,China

--Landscape boundaries are always indicated by thevegetation boundaries. As an ecotone between closed forest andtreeline, alpine timberline may respond to global climate changessensitively. The stability of timberline and treeline depend notonly on climate change, but also on the interaction of both sidesof the ecosystems. Three natural boundaries existing in thetimberline transitional zone are recognized (1) timberline (upperlimit of closed forest zone); (2) treeline (upper limit of treeislands zone); (3) tree-species line (upper limit of individualtree growth). Paleobotanical and sedimentary evidences suggest thatthere were several times of climate fluctuation during the Holoceneperiod in this area. The timberline of Taibai Mountain must havemoved for four times on the millennium scale. Being a stochasticoscillation boundary, treeline appears in a semi-stable conditionon the century scale. The tree-species line is even more unstable,which appears in an unstable status on the decades scale. Thecomparison of the stability within several landscape boundaries,shed light on the sensibility of these communities to variousperturbation and environmental heterogeneity, i.e., herb community is the most sensitive one, which is followed by shrubs, and forestis the most stable one. Trees and shrubs can adapt to rocky andpoor soils. On the contrary, alpine herbs are able to adapt towetter and cooler soils. Finally, under a scenario of a temperatureof 1.5-4.5℃ increase, the present timberline will be relativelystable but treeline and tree-species line will move upward.     

1,3-丁二烯与DNA交联机理的研究——代谢产物在DNA大沟股间交联反应的AM1计算

采用ＡＭ１方法计算了环境致癌物１,３－丁二烯（ＢＤ）的代谢产物１,２－环氧－３,４－丁烯（ＥＢ）和１,２,３,４－二环氧丁烷（ＤＥＢ）与ＤＮＡ腺嘌呤和胞嘧啶烷化反应过程速率控制步骤的活化能,以及ＤＥＢ在ＤＮＡ大沟侧与不同序列ＤＮＡ片断生成烷化股间横向交联产物的结构和能量．结论认为：用烷化反应的难易程度难以解释ＤＥＢ的致突性比ＥＢ约大１００倍的实验事实;强致突的ＤＥＢ可与碱基发生２次烷化反应,生成ＤＮＡ交联产物;而ＥＢ则不能交联,这可能为２者基因毒性差异巨大的分子机制;同时ＤＥＢ在ＤＮＡ大沟侧可与多种不同的ＤＮＡ序列发生股间横向交联,对比在小沟侧只与２种序列交联,此发生股间横交联几率的差异合理地解释了ＤＥＢ致突的碱基选择性     

钯催化剂性能及其对燃煤烟气中多环芳烃的催化净化

考察２种制备方法所制备的系列负载Ｐｄ催化剂经不同的灼烧温度处理后,催化芳烃燃烧的活性。结果表明,方法２制备的催化剂经９００℃灼烧处理后其催化活性较好,活性组分Ｐｄ含量为０．２％（Ｗｔ）的催化剂的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度分别为２２０℃和２４０℃。但经８００℃灼烧处理后催化剂明显失活。对催化剂进行了ＸＲＤ分析,以考察各催化剂的表面物相特性。并进行了实际燃煤烟气中的多环芳烃催化治理实验。结果表明,以优化方     

甲醛,乙醛,丙烯醛衍生物的特性研究

合成了环境重要污染物甲醛、乙醛和丙烯醛的衍生物－２，４－二硝基苯腙，应用熔点法、元素分析和核磁共振技术鉴定了３种苯腙的结构与纯度，应用毛细管气相色谱法研究了３种衍生物的某些色谱性质，结果表明：这３种希夫碱可以作为标准品来测定环境空气中微量低分子醛类蒸气。     

环境测试舱自吸附甲醛重释放规律与影响因素研究

广泛用于板材污染物释放量测试、空气净化产品净化效果测试等实验中的环境测试舱,往往由于其内壁黏附性杂质而对目标测试物产生不可忽视的自吸附作用,自吸附污染物将作为二次释放源出现重释放,研究目标测试物的自吸附消耗量及重释放规律,探索有效控制措施,有利于对环境测试舱实验应用及室内污染控制提出指导性实际意义。分别选取0.2%甲醛溶液、大芯板作为同一自制玻璃环境测试舱2期实验(I期、Ⅱ期)的不同甲醛释放源,通过近90 d追踪测试,经不同释放源、不同控制条件下舱内壁自吸附甲醛的多次重释放实验,结合非线性拟合分析方法,总结出舱内壁自吸附甲醛重释放甲醛浓度变化符合一阶递增指数函数:y=A1×exp(-x/t1)+y0,(A1<0、t1>0)。曲线参数y0值可用于评价实验条件下测试舱内自吸附甲醛残余量;y0值与环境舱舱体材质、环境温湿度、舱外甲醛浓度及空气交换手段有关,而与释放源及其释放平衡浓度高低无明显关系。大开舱门短时间抽气式空气交换对舱内自吸附甲醛残余有适度清除效果,使y0值降低,同时有利于再次平衡状态的快速建立;而长时间的无动力空气交换,或者自来水洗及去离子水洗等处理手段对舱内壁自吸附甲醛残余无明显清除作用。     

灭幼脲Ⅲ号在土壤中的吸附与淋溶

用批量平衡法研究了昆虫生长调节剂灭幼脲Ⅲ号在四种不同类型土壤中的吸附行为,测定其吸附常数,给出吸附等温线;并研究了它在上述四种土壤中的淋溶行为.结果表明,Freun-dlich经验公式能较好地描述灭幼脲Ⅲ号在土壤中的吸附状况.试验表明,该农药在土壤中的迁移能力较差。     

元谋、牟定地区红土化过程中金的富集机理

在对元谋县猛林沟、牟定县戍街两地红土化剖面的地质特征、次生矿物变化、主要元素及金含量变化进行研究的基础上．探讨了金在红土化剖面上的分布形式和红土化过程中全的活化、迁移及沉淀等的机理。笔者认为,区内保存完整的红土化剖面上存在金的双峰式富集,其中产于铁质硬壳层附近的上部金富集带是由于铁质胶体吸附的结果,而腐泥岩层附近的下部金富集带是由Eh变小、pH变大引起的;氧化还原作用是金活化、迁移、沉淀富集最重要的控制机制。     

新疆北部浅成低温热液型金矿床成矿地球化学特征初探

产于晚古生代火山岩中的浅成低温热液型金矿床是新疆北部近期发现的一个重要的金成矿类型。通过对本区部分浅成低温热液型金矿的容矿火山岩岩石化学成分、REE分布模式、硫同位素、氢同位素、氧同位素和锶同位素及流体包裹体成分的分析与对比．讨论了其基本成矿地球化学特征,并揭示了本区浅成低温热液型金矿床与我国东部地区某些产于中生代陆相火山岩中的同类型金矿床在成矿地球化学特征上存在的一些差异。