河口水及藻类对三丁基锡的降解作用

研究了海河河口水在不同条件下对三丁基锡（TBT）的降解作用。不同条件下TBT的降解半衰期为5.7天～84.5天。提高温度、光照和加入营养盐和腐殖酸均加快TBT的降解,说明TBT的降解与生物作用有关。为此,进一步研究了两种藻——淡水斜生栅藻（_{Scenedesmusobliquus}）和生于河口地区的扁藻（_{Platymonassp．}）及藻液中细菌群落对TBT的降解作用。结果表明,光降解是微乎其微的。细菌群落对TBT有一定的降解作用,栅藻、扁藻中的细菌群落对TBT降解半衰期分别为54.3天和20.2天。藻类对TBT的降解速度比细菌快很多,是TBT降解的主要因素,栅藻、扁藻对TBT降解半衰期分别为5.2天和1.7天。     

Effect of surfactants on desorption of aldicarb from spiked soil

Surfactant enhanced desorption of aldicarb from spiked soil was investigated in this paper. Anionic (sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, SDBS), cationic (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, HTAB) and nonionic (octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether, OP) surfactants were tested to determine their optimal desorption conditions including desorption time, mixing speed and surfactant concentrations. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were obtained at 2 h, 150 rpm, and surfactants concentrations were 1000, 100, and 200 mg l(-1) for SDBS, OP, and HTAB, respectively. The paper also investigated the desorption efficiency of mixture of different kinds of surfactants for aldicarb-spiked soil, and found that anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures gave the best desorption efficiency up to 77%, while anionic-cationic surfactant mixture gave a poor desorption efficiency similar to water, suggesting that mixture of anionic-nonionic surfactants were highly promising on remediation of aldicarb-contaminated soil.     

水环境多环芳烃源解析研究进展

城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视.污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具.在查阋大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法.     

络合沉淀结合混凝法去除浮选废水中有机磷

广西某铅锌矿选矿厂用含磷有机浮选药剂苯胺黑药(学名:二苯胺基二硫代磷酸)和丁铵黑药(学名:二丁基二硫代磷酸铵)作捕收剂,导致尾矿库溢流口外排废水总磷超标(总磷浓度为1.4~1.7 mg/L,p H=8.0)。实验研究表明,含巯基磷酸盐浮选废水中总磷主要为有机磷(占94%),钙盐、铁盐和铝盐混凝沉淀法对有机磷去除效果很差,3种金属离子不能与巯基磷酸盐反应生成沉淀物;但铜离子能与巯基磷酸盐生成溶度积很小的络合沉淀物,再通过混凝沉淀对有机磷可达到很好的去除效果。先加入硫酸铜20 mg/L进行络合沉淀反应,后再加入40 mg/L硫酸铝和1 mg/L PAM混凝沉淀,总磷去除率可达80%。处理后废水总磷浓度和重金属浓度均达到《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准(GB25466-2010)》排放要求。研究结果为该选矿厂浮选废水净化处理和回用工程的设计提供了科学依据。     

超声波／纳米铁协同降解氯代苯酚的试验

通过间歇试验对超声波／纳米铁协同降解氯代苯酚（CPs）废水进行了研究，结果表明，超声波／纳米铁协同对CPs的降解率明显高于单纯超声波和单纯纳米铁的降解率；协同体系、单纯超声波和单纯纳米铁降解CPs均符合准一级反应动力学，协同体系的降解速率较单纯超声波提高了5．1-5．6倍，较单纯纳米铁提高了17．7～21倍，并且比它们的几何迭加值高4倍以上；氯代苯酚降解的准一级速率常数和降解率满足以下规律：PEP〉2，4，5-TCP〉2，4-DCP〉3-CP；探讨了混合废水的降解：在混合废水体系中，结构易裂解的优先降解，然后为浓度高的优先降解。     

反应萃取处理染料中间体H酸和DSD酸工业废水

分别采用三烷基胺(Alamine 336)和氯化季铵盐(Aliquat 336)为萃取剂,正辛醇为助溶剂,煤油为稀释剂,进行H酸、DSD酸及其工业废水反应萃取的实验研究结果表明,萃取率与溶液的pH值有关,Alamine 336体系适于酸性较强废水的处理,Aliquat 336体系适于中性废水的处理;采用多级错流萃取能有效地去除废水中两性官能团化合物和色度,去除率达99%以上,反萃率可达100%,工艺简单易行,溶剂可再生使用.     

室内空气中多环芳烃污染的测量和特征性研究

本文就室内空气中多环芳烃典型污染源－室内燃煤和室内吸烟排放的多环芳烃组成和含量进行了测定，并同室外大气（对照）中多环芳烃组成含量进行了对比，研究了室内环境不同污染源排放多环烃组成和含量的特征性，结果表明，室内燃煤污染同燃煤型室外大气源排放多环芳烃具有相似组成含量特征，而室朵烟草烟雾污染源的多环芳烃组成含量特征，则与室外煤型和交通型均有显著区别。     

有机污染物对藻类毒性的测定

藻类是研究水生毒理学的很好的材料之一，对其毒性是评价化合物危害的基本数据，也是研究化合物结构与生物效应的手段之一，通过测定工业废水，数种硝基芳烃及多种有机锡对藻类的毒性，发现剂量与效应时间有很好的相关性，化合物结构与效应之间也有一定的规律。     

两级常温厌氧—好氧—固定化微生物组合工艺处理酿酒废水

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.采用两级常温厌氧-好氧-固定化微生物组合工艺对酿酒废水进行中试研究,重点考察了各级工艺对有机物和氨氮的去除效果,并且对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素进行分析.试验结果表明,稳定运行状态下,一级厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器对有机物去除率可达到70%～90%,处理效果受环境温度影响较大;二级EGSB反应器可以同时去除有机物和氮氧化物;三级好氧接触氧化反应器对有机物的去除率可达到70%,氨氮去除率维持在50%;包埋硝化菌流化床反应器最终能有效地去除水中的氨氮,出水氨氮质量浓度低于15 mg/L.     

Treatment performance and microorganism community structure of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland plots for domestic wastewater

In order to investigate the treatment performance and microorganism mechanism of IVCW for domestic wastewater in central of China, two parallel pilot-scale IVCW systems were built to evaluate purification efficiencies, microbial community structure and enzyme activities. The results showed that mean removal efficiencies were 81.03 % for COD, 51.66 % for total nitrogen (TN), 42.50 % for NH₄ ⁺-N, and 68.01 % for TP. Significant positive correlations between nitrate reductase activities and TN and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiencies, along with a significant correlation between substrate enzyme activity and operation time, were observed. Redundancy analysis demonstrated gram-negative bacteria were mainly responsible for urease and phosphatase activities, and also played a major role in dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase activities. Meanwhile, anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and saturated FA groups, gram-positive bacteria exhibited good correlations with the removal of COD (p?=?0.388), N (p?=?0.236), and TP (p?=?0.074), respectively. The IVCW system can be used to treat domestic wastewater effectively.