五氯酚(PCP)对鸡肝癌细胞(LMH)毒性效应的机制研究

五氯酚(pentachlorophenol,PCP)是一种持久性有机污染物,广泛用于灭钉螺、木材防腐、除草剂等方面,由于PCP在环境中的持久性和生物累积性,其对生态环境和人类健康造成潜在危害。本文以鸡肝癌细胞系(chicken hepatoma cells,LMH)为受试对象,探讨了PCP对细胞色素P450(CYP450)和抗氧化系统的影响。MTT结果显示LMH细胞经不同浓度PCP暴露后,呈现出先促进细胞增殖后抑制的J-型曲线,PCP对LMH细胞24 h的半数效应浓度(24 h-EC50)为427.52μmol·L~(-1)。LMH细胞在1.56、6.25、25、100μmol·L~(-1)PCP染毒条件下可增加细胞EROD、MROD、PROD和BFC活性,并可使CYP1A、1B、1C、2H及3A家族基因mRNA表达水平升高。LMH细胞在0.4~100μmol·L~(-1)PCP染毒下可显著降低硫酸基转移酶(SULT1B1和SULT 1C1)基因mRNA水平。此外,LMH细胞在6.25、25、100μmol·L~(-1)PCP染毒下可引起细胞内ROS升高,同时PCP(1.56~100μmol·L~(-1))可显著增加细胞内MDA含量和降低GSH/GSSH比值。这些结果表明细胞色素P450(CYP450)基因及酶活性的变化、细胞内ROS和MDA含量及GSH/GSSH可作为评价LMH细胞PCP毒性效应的敏感性生物标志物。此研究在细胞水平上利用多个评价指标研究PCP对细胞的毒性效应,为PCP环境风险评价提供依据。     

Response of sediment calcium and magnesium species to the regional acid deposition in eutrophic Taihu Lake,China

Acid deposition causes carbonate dissolution in watersheds and leads to profound impacts on water chemistry of lakes. Here, we presented a detailed study on the seasonal, spatial, and vertical variations of calcium and magnesium species in the overlying water, interstitial water, and sediment profiles in eutrophic Taihu Lake under the circumstance of regional acid deposition. The result showed that both the acid deposition and biomineralization in Taihu Lake had effects on Ca and Mg species. In the lake water, calcium carbonate was saturated or over-saturated based on long-term statistical calculation of the saturation index (SI). On the sediment profiles, significant difference in Ca and Mg species existed between the surface sediment (0–10 cm) and deeper sediments (>10 cm). The interstitial water Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, ion-exchangeable Ca and Mg in the surface sediment were higher than those in the deeper sediment. In the spring, when the acid deposition is more intensive, the acid-extracted Ca and Mg in the surface sediment were lower than that in the deeper sediment in the northwest lake, due to carbonate dissolution caused by the regional acid deposition. Spatially, the higher concentration of acid-extracted Ca and Mg in the northwest surface sediment than that in the east lake was observed, indicating the pronounced carbonate biomineralization by algae bloom in the northwest lake. Statistical analysis showed that acid deposition exerted a stronger impact on the variation of acid-extracted Ca and Mg in the surface sediment than the biomineralization in Taihu Lake. For the total Ca and Mg concentration in the spring, however, no significant change between the surface and deeper sediment in the northwest lake was observed, indicating that the carbonate precipitation via biomineralization and the carbonate dissolution due to acidic deposition were in a dynamic balance. These features are of major importance for the understanding of combined effects of acid deposition and eutrophication on freshwater lakes.

     

A review of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in indoor air environment

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used in industrial production due to the unique physical and chemical properties. As a kind of persistent organic pollutants, the PCBs would lead to environment pollution and cause serious problems for human health. Thus, they have been banned since the 1980s due to the environment pollution in the past years. Indoor air is the most direct and important environment medium to human beings; thus, the PCBs pollution research in indoor air is important for the protection of human health. This paper introduces the industrial application and potential harm of PCBs, summarizes the sampling, extracting, and analytical methods of environment monitoring, and compares the indoor air levels of urban areas with those of industrial areas in different countries according to various reports. This paper can provide a basic summary for PCBs pollution control in the indoor air environment.

Implications: The review of PCBs pollution in indoor air in China is still limited. In this paper, we introduce the industrial application and potential harm of PCBs, summarize the sampling, extracting, and analytical methods of environment monitoring, and compare the indoor air levels of urban areas with industrial areas in different countries according to various reports.     

用赤泥捕集二氧化碳

以拜耳法生产氧化铝产生的赤泥为捕集剂,对CO₂进行捕集,考察了液固比、反应温度、搅拌速率、CO₂流量对单位CO₂捕集量（以每克赤泥捕集的CO₂质量计）和赤泥脱碱率（以钠去除率计）的影响。实验结果表明：在液固比为7#x02236;1、反应温度为30℃、搅拌转速为500r/min、CO₂流量为200mL/min的最佳实验条件下,最大单位CO₂捕集量为0.0263g/g,赤泥的脱碱率可达到42.43%。赤泥具有较强的捕集CO₂的能力,因此,利用固体废弃物赤泥吸收工业废气中的CO₂可以达到以废治废的目的。     

生态文明建设背景下绿色社区创建的思考——以杭州市西湖区为例

西湖区区级以上绿色社区50%的覆盖率与城镇化趋势和生态文明建设的高目标还不相适应。与省市绿色社区指标相比,区级指标倾向于公众参与和居民自治,建议从区域环境质量、节能减排、生态文化、"三产"等方面进行补充,并提出量化指标、设置否决指标、动态管理和复查退出机制、绿色示范工程、环境认证管理及碳汇林试点等对策。     

National Park Development in China: Conservation or Commercialization?

The rapid development of parks and ecotourism in China has attracted worldwide attention, not only for the beauty of the landscape that the parks are protecting but also for their abundant and often unique biodiversity. However, in some areas, the development of ecotourism has actually led to the degradation of local ecological, economic, and social systems. Using National Forest Parks for demonstration, this article analyzes the current political, institutional, legal, environmental, and economic issues concerning National Parks in China, and examines their potential future development. Although the intention of National Park systems in China is to raise environmental quality, and to protect biodiversity and social livelihoods, their success has varied. Future success will be measured by their capacity to reduce poverty, to promote long-term rehabilitation of wildlife habitats, and to simultaneously protect Chinese culture and biodiversity.     

安全与应急管理专业学科发展

为使各高校能有效应对工程教育与应急管理的新一轮发展,在新工科建设与应急管理部成立背景下研究安全与应急管理专业学科的现状与发展趋势。阐述专业建设与学科建设的联系、区别和作用,在此基础上分析安全与应急管理专业学科发展现状、凝练专业建设核心4要素、完善安全学科体系、总结应急管理一级学科体系构建思路,分别提出基于“现在完成进行时”与“将来完成进行时”状态的安全、应急管理专业学科发展趋势。结果表明:安全专业发展趋势分行业安全与“大安全”2类,安全学科仍需完善学科体系和科学分支;应急管理的长远发展趋势是设立一级学科,从而推动应急管理专业高质量创新型发展。     

MF-UF组合工艺处理再生纸废水的实验研究

针对再生纸废水体系,采用0.2 μm陶瓷微滤膜 （MF）与截留分子量为50 000 Dalton的疏水性PS有机超滤膜 （UF）组合工艺对再生纸废水进行处理。实验结果表明,此组合工艺对再生纸废水COD的去除率可达到846%,处理的废水达到造纸工业水污染物排放标准;根据再生纸废水的性质对膜清洗再生进行了考察,陶瓷膜及超滤膜通量约分别恢复85%与80%左右。     

基于物元理论的自然灾害损失等级划分方法

基于"灾度"概念及其改进算法,结合物元理论,提出了自然灾害损失等级划分的可拓学算法,建立了基于物元理论的自然灾害损失等级划分模型,将物元分析方法应用于自然灾害损失等级划分,作为灾害损失等级评估方法的一种补充,并与之前算法互为验证.不仅论证了物元理论应用于灾害等级划分的可行性,阐述了自然灾害损失评估物元模型的算法过程,而且利用该模型正确评估了2008年中国南方冰冻灾害的损失等级.经过反复验证,证实了该方法的科学性,同时提出了该模型尚存在的细节问题,如灾度上限的取值,权重确定的方法等问题,以便于更好的完善该模型算法.     

Application of crosswell seismic tomography using difference analysis with data normalization to monitor CO2 flooding in an aquifer

A pilot-scale experiment for carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration was undertaken at the Nagaoka test field in Japan. Time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography was conducted to detect and monitor the movement of CO₂ injected into an aquifer. We applied difference analysis with data normalization (DADN) to the time-lapse data to eliminate false images that were apparent in a conventionally processed difference section. Conventional difference analysis calculates travel-time delays after inversion, whereas the DADN method calculates them from raw travel-time records before inversion. Thus, fewer errors are generated with the DADN method compared to a conventional inversion analysis. We applied the DADN method to time-lapse tomography data recorded before and after the injection of CO₂ and computed the velocity variation in a subsurface section, which clearly showed the distribution of CO₂ flooding within a high permeability zone in the aquifer and showed no CO₂ leakage into the caprock. Our results also show the maximum velocity decrease as a result of CO₂ injection was about 9%, which is close to the results obtained in laboratory experiments. Finally, numerical simulations were inverted to test the effectiveness of the conventional and DADN methods in dealing with noise. These tests showed that the DADN method effectively reduces unique coherent noise for particular receiver and source combinations. We concluded that the DADN method provides useful data for monitoring the flow of CO₂ sequestered in underground aquifers.