Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the iron and steel industry in China

This work aims to identify the main factors influencing the energy-related carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the iron and steel industry in China during the period of 1995–2007. The logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) technique was applied with period-wise analysis and time-series analysis. Changes in energyrelated CO₂ emissions were decomposed into four factors: emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and the steel production effect. The results show that steel production is the major factor responsible for the rise in CO₂ emissions during the sampling period; on the other hand the energy consumption is the largest contributor to the decrease in CO₂ emissions. To a lesser extent, the emission factor and energy structure effects have both negative and positive contributions to CO₂ emissions, respectively. Policy implications are provided regarding the reduction of CO₂ emissions from the iron and steel industry in China, such as controlling the overgrowth of steel production, improving energy-saving technologies, and introducing low-carbon energy sources into the iron and steel industry.     

静电除尘器粉尘运动轨迹的数值模拟与分析

为了分析线-管式静电除尘器的流动特性以及粉尘收集过程,建立流场、电场和颗粒动力场的数学模型,利用fluent软件对其进行数值模拟。结果表明:逃逸粉尘平均粒径随工作电压增高呈非线性递减关系,但随入口流速增大基本呈线性递增关系;而粉尘向收尘板偏移趋势随工作电压增高而增强,但随入口流速增大而减弱。     

The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China

Impacts of industrial restructuring and upgrade on air quality & health are assessed. An integrated approach combining different models is used for the assessment. Industrial technology upgrading is more effective than economic restructuring. Ozone is much more difficult to mitigate than PM_2.5. In this study, we have analyzed possible policy options to improve the air quality in an industrialized region—Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (BTH) in China. A comprehensive model framework integrating GAINS-China, GEOS-Chem, and IMED/HEL is established to investigate the impacts of various policies on air pollution and health effects. The model establishes a data interface between economic input/output data and the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants in the BTH region. Based on in-depth analyses of pollutant emission standards, industrial structure, pollution-intensive industries, and emission intensities in BTH and Pearl River Delta, several scenarios are constructed to explore the effectiveness of policy pathways in improving air quality in the BTH region. These scenarios include two categories: the category of “Industrial Technology Upgrade Policy” scenarios that focuses on reducing the emission intensity of industries vs. that of “Industrial Structure Adjustment Policy” scenarios that focuses on adjusting the proportion of industrial value-added. Our results show that the policy path of industrial technology upgrading can be effective and feasible, while economic structure adjustment shows complex and mixed effectiveness. We also find that the proposed policies and measures will be efficient to reduce pollution of primary pollutants and fine particles, but may not effectively mitigate ambient ozone pollution. Ozone pollution is projected to become increasingly severe in BTH, placing a challenge to pollution mitigation strategies that requires further adjustments to address it.     

IC+A/O工艺在制药废水处理中的应用

针对某制药公司生产废水的特点,采用高效厌氧反应器——内循环厌氧反应器(简称IC工艺)+A/O工艺进行处理。系统稳定运行后,在进水ρ(COD)为3 500 mg/L、ρ(SS)为300 mg/L时,去除率分别达到97.9%、92.5%。处理后出水水质稳定,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

Enhancement of activated sludge performance on ammonium removal by clinoptilolite

This study evaluated the influence of clinoptilolite on the performance of activated sludge system shocked by high concentration of ammonium. The ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from the experimental reactor containing clinoptilolite and from the clinoptilolite-free control reactor was determined. The ammonium and COD removal was approximately 8 and 20% higher in the experimental reactor than in the control reactor, respectively. The removal increased with an increase in clinoptilolite concentration over the tested range up to 50?mg?L^?1. The presence of clinoptilolite resulted in the sludge flocs being more compacted with smoother surfaces and edges. Molecular biological analysis revealed that clinoptilolite increased the DNA diversity, richness, and evenness of sludge microbes. The enhanced-performance activated sludge previously treated with clinoptilolite was less influenced by the shock of ammonium than non-treated sludge in terms of the ammonium and COD removal. These results suggest that clinoptilolite enhanced the performance of activated sludge system in the removal of ammonium and COD. Amendment of activated sludge with natural zeolites may thus improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment.     

基于稳定同位素的天津市北塘排污河污染源解析研究

依据不同采样点污染物组分不同,分析各样品中氢、氧同位素组成比率,判断各采样点污染贡献率。研究以天津市北塘排污河为例,将其分为若干段,每一段作为一个箱式模型对流人和流出区段的溶解态氢、氧同位素比率进行检测,借助氢、氧同位素成分比率图求算各区段的污染贡献率,同时判断是否有新污染源增加,研究表明北塘排污河下游中心桥闸处污染贡献率最高,达到污染总量的70％,另外发现2个污染未知源,分别位于北塘排污河中游检测点和山岭子问、山岭子与永和闸间。     

吡啶类离子液体对青海弧菌Q67的混合毒性评估

合污染物产生的累积与毒性相互作用具有潜在的环境与健康风险。以6种吡啶类离子液体(IL)：丁基溴化吡啶([Bpy]Br)、己基溴化吡啶([Hpy]Br)、辛基溴化吡啶([Opy]Br)、丁基氯化吡啶([Bpy]Cl)、己基氯化吡啶([Opy]Cl)和辛基氯化吡啶([Opy]Cl)为混合物组分,应用直接均分射线法(EquRay)和均匀设计射线法(UD-Ray)分别设计4组二元IL混合物和2组三元混合物,每组混合物包括5条具有不同浓度配比的混合物射线。应用微板毒性分析法测定6种IL及其30条混合物射线对青海弧菌Q67的发光抑制毒性,以浓度加和(CA)为加和参考模型分析混合物毒性相互作用。结果表明,Logit函数能有效地拟合6种吡啶IL及其30条混合物射线的浓度-效应数据。若以半数效应浓度的负对数(pEC₅₀)为毒性指标,6个吡啶IL对Q67的毒性与烷基链上碳原子数目正相关,且每增加2个碳原子,其毒性约增加1。IL的阴离子(Br^-或Cl^-)对毒性没有影响。除己基氯化吡啶([Hpy]Cl)和辛基氯化吡啶([Opy]Cl)的二元混合物呈现明显拮抗作用外,其他二元及三元混合物都为加和作用。     

应用超敏感酵母HUG1-yEGFP生物传感器筛选基因毒性化合物

为了扩展本实验室构建的响应于DNA损伤信号的超敏感酵母HUG1-yEGFP生物传感器的检测范围并积累参考数据,为实际应用打下实验基础,本研究对26种与环境及人类生活息息相关的化合物的基因毒性进行了检测,筛选出8种具有基因毒性的化合物,并将其结果与现有微生物检测系统的检测结果进行了对比。结果显示,超敏感酵母HUG1-yEGFP生物传感器的检测结果与以细菌为宿主细胞的Ames试验或SOS显色法的检测结果的吻合度高于50%,与以酵母为宿主细胞的GSA检测系统的检测结果的吻合度高于85%。以真核生物酵母为宿主的检测系统与以原核生物细胞为宿主的检测系统的结果的差异反映了它们抗胁迫机制的不同。本研究应用超敏感酵母HUG1-yEGFP生物传感器特异性检测出3种化合物为基因毒性阳性,这3种化合物是代森锰锌、孔雀石绿及丙烯酰胺,均被报道具有潜在致癌性。本研究结果表明,超敏感酵母HUG1-yEGFP生物传感器可以有效地对环境污染有关的基因毒性化合物进行检测,可以作为其他现有检测系统的补充,应用于环境化学污染的健康风险评价。     

蜥蜴生态毒理学研究进展

蜥蜴是爬行动物的重要组成部分,开展蜥蜴的生态毒理学研究对爬行动物毒理学研究具有一定代表性。本文介绍了蜥蜴生态毒理学研究的重要性,系统回顾了前人对重金属以及有机污染物所开展的相关研究,以及近年来在模式动物筛选方法和标准试验方法的建立上取得的成就,并对未来的工作进行了展望。     

压力生化-组合生化-脱色处理橡胶促进剂废水

橡胶促进剂废水具有色度高、成分复杂、有机物浓度高、可生化性差等特点。采用压力生化-组合生化-脱色处理橡胶促进剂废水,当进水水质主要污染物ρ(COD)<2 000 mg/L、ρ(硫化物)<20 mg/L、ρ(苯胺)<15 mg/L时,出水可达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》表4二级标准限值的要求。工程实践表明:该处理工艺具有处理效果好,运行稳定等特点。