MF-UF组合工艺处理再生纸废水的实验研究

针对再生纸废水体系,采用0.2 μm陶瓷微滤膜 （MF）与截留分子量为50 000 Dalton的疏水性PS有机超滤膜 （UF）组合工艺对再生纸废水进行处理。实验结果表明,此组合工艺对再生纸废水COD的去除率可达到846%,处理的废水达到造纸工业水污染物排放标准;根据再生纸废水的性质对膜清洗再生进行了考察,陶瓷膜及超滤膜通量约分别恢复85%与80%左右。     

电脱盐含油废水除油工艺应用研究

原油电脱盐含油废水由于乳化带油严重,破乳分离困难,处理难度大。文章对目前工业化应用技术成熟的旋流油水分离、化学破乳及电化学3种电脱盐含油废水除油工艺,在工艺流程、工业应用现状、应用效果等几方面进行了对比研究。结果表明,电化学除油工艺具有除油率高、效果稳定、费用低、设备简单、抗冲击力强、占地面积小等优势,除油率和COD去除率大于90%,对悬浮物、胶体、重金属等也有一定的去除效果,具有较好的应用前景。     

Binding of pyrene to dissolved organic matters: fractionation and characterization

Based on a modified Leenheer DOM fractionation scheme, fractionation of DOM from the paddy soil was conducted by using XAD-8 resin into hydrophobic bases ( HOB), hydrophobic acids ( HOA), acid-insoluble matter ( AIM), hydrophobic neutrals ( HON ) and hydrophilic matter(HIM). In total carbon content of DOM, 35.32% were the HIM and only 0.73% the HOB. However, HOA and AIM altogether occupied 53.45%, while the HON fraction represented 10%. The sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption capacity of pyrene on unfractionated DOM and its fractions. Elemental analysis, ^1H-NMR and FTIR spectra were carried out on unfractionated DOM and its fractions to examine the relationship between the structure of DOM and partition coefficients( Kac ). The results showed that HON had a greater affinity for binding pyrene than other fractions. While HON was characterized by large long-chain alkylate (aliphatic structure). AIM exhibited relative higher Kac values than HOA and HIM, due to much aromatic structure in AIM, while the high content of carboxylic groups of HOA and HIM depressed their binding capacity. This study demonstrated HON is a key subcomponents of DOM in binding of pyrene, in other words, aliphalic structure in DOM play an important role in binding of pyrene.     

氨氧化细菌的富集培养及影响因素的研究

采用间歇培养方式,对富集氨氧化细菌的过程进行了研究,并探讨了温度、初始pH值、DO、碱度、进水氨氮浓度对短程硝化作用的影响.实验发现:氨氧化细菌富集完成后,氨氧化速率达到22.8 mg/(L·h),亚硝酸盐积累率在80％左右,氨氧化细菌的数量可提高至富集前的32.6倍.此外,对影响因素的研究发现,当温度30℃、pH=8.5、DO=0.5 mg/L、HCO3-/NH4+-N(摩尔比)=1.67、进水氨氮小于400 mg/L时,有利于实现短程硝化.     

ABR-生物接触氧化工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液

采用ABR反应器与生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液。运行结果表明:该工艺对COD具有较高的去除率,对水力负荷、容积负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力,在处理垃圾渗滤液方面具有一定的工艺先进性。     

络合剂对燃煤及木材飞灰生物氧化能力的影响

利用脱氧核糖氧化法考察了飞灰颗粒物,包括５种燃煤飞灰及一种燃木飞灰,生物氧化能力以及外加螯合剂的影响。结果证实,不同来源飞灰颗粒物氧化剂产生能力不同,且燃煤飞灰产生方式不同,催化氧化剂产生能力亦不同。     

ARC/INFO软件系统在农业土地资源评价中的应用

具有几个土地要素层的综合土地单元制图在土地研究中正在获得日益广泛的应用,它是计算机制图的基础。腾冲农业土地资源评价是在 ARC/INFO 软件系统支持下,在综合土地单元图的基础上进行的。 本研究通过对比,应用了评价模式 TT=V1*(V2+V3+V4)/3*0.01,根据土地对农业利用的适宜程度,将腾冲地区的土地分为四个适宜性等级。     

广西英罗港红树林沼泽沉积物和大型底栖动物中重金属含量的研究

１９９４年测定了广西英罗港红树林区沼泽沉积物和大型底栖动物中重金属Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ的含量。结果表明：沉积物重金属含量比潮沟的高；沉积物中的重金属含量与有机质含量存在显著正相关关系；英罗港红树林区部分沉积物己受到Ｃｄ和Ｐｂ的污染。各类动物重金属平均含量Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ以软体动物，Ｃｕ以甲壳动物，Ｐｂ以星虫类最高。在动物总体水平上，林内动物重金属含量稍高于潮沟动物。在种类和动物类别水平上则无明显差别。各潮带动物重金属含量规律混乱。少数大型底栖动物受到Ｃｄ或Ｐｂ的污染。     

Performance of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process for treating wastewater with different substrates at ambient temperature

The stability and parameters of a bio-ceramic filter for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal were investigated.The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) reactor was fed with different concentrations of ammonia(400,300,and 200mg N/L) but constant influent ammonia load.The results showed that the CANON system can achieve good treatment performance at ambient temperature(15-23°C).The average removal rate and removal loading of NH4+-N and TN was 83.90%,1.26kg N/(m3·day),and 70.14%,1.09kg N/(m3·day),respectively.Among the influencing factors like pH,dissolved oxygen and alkalinity,it was indicated that the pH was the key parameter of the performance of the CANON system.Observing the variation of pH would contribute to better control of the CANON system in an intuitive and fast way.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of microorganisms further revealed that there were some significant changes in the community structure of ammonium oxidizing bacteria,which had low diversity in different stages,while the species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing(anammox) bacteria were fewer and the community composition was relatively stable.These observations showed that anaerobic ammonia oxidation was more stable than the aerobic ammonia oxidation,which could explain that why the CANON system maintained a good removal efficiency under the changing substrate conditions.     

处理苯胺类稀溶液的萃取置换技术

苯胺和间氯苯胺的BOD₅/COD_Cr测定结果表明 ,随着溶质浓度的升高 ,其水溶液的生物降解性显著降低 .为使此类溶液能够进行生物处理 ,必须降低其浓度 .在考察有机溶剂和络合剂P204生物降解性的基础上 ,对苯胺和间氯苯胺稀溶液进行了溶剂萃取和络合萃取的研究 .对影响有机溶剂和络合溶剂萃取分配系数的因素进行了讨论 .萃残液的BOD₅/COD_Cr值表明 ,选择合适的萃取剂进行萃取 ,其萃残液无需进一步稀释就可进行生物处理 ,论证了萃取置换法治理难降解有机废水的潜力 .