Projecting Spatial Patterns of Flood Hazard: Recent Climate and Future Changes over Yangtze River Basin

Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results ...     

新型水处理活性炭选型技术

活性炭依其原料不同、生产工艺不同,而有不同的吸附性能.使用简易的活性炭选型方法,可以减少应用测试时的备选炭型,从而大大降低活性炭水处理技术的运行成本.以碘值、甲基蓝值、苯酚值和丹宁酸值4种吸附容量性能指标为依据的活性炭选型技术,可以有效地预测活性炭对于水中各种大小不同污染物的去除能力.BET测试结果证明了这4项指标数据对于活性炭孔径分布预测的准确性.2,4-二氯苯酚和腐殖酸等目标化合物的吸附容量实验结果也都验证了这4项指标的预测功用,说明这种简便的活性炭选型技术有着广泛的应用价值.     

Soil carbon and nitrogen storage in response to fire in a temperate mixed-grass savanna

Vegetation fires may alter the quantity and quality of organic matter inputs to soil, rates of organic matter decay, and environmental factors that influence those processes. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of this land management technique on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N in grasslands and savannas. We evaluated the impact of repeated fires and their season of occurrence on SOC and total N storage in a temperate mixed-grass-mesquite savanna where fire is used to control woody plant encroachment. Four fire treatments varying in season of occurrence were examined: summer only (SF), winter only (WF), alternate summer and winter fires (SWF), and unburned controls. In each treatment, soils were sampled to 1 m under three vegetation types: C3 grasses, C4 grasses, and mesquite trees. The SOC storage at 0 to 20 cm was significantly greater in SF (2693 g C m(-2)) and SWF (2708 g C m(-2)) compared to WF (2446 g C m(-2)) and controls (2445 g C m(-2)). The SWF treatment also increased soil total N (271 g N m(-2)) relative to all other treatments (228-244 g N m(-2)) at 0 to 20 cm. Fire had no effect on SOC or total N at depths of > 20 cm. Vegetation type had no significant influence on SOC or total N stocks. The delta13C value of SOC was not affected by fire, but increased from -21 per thousand at 0 to 10 cm to -15 per thousand at depths of > 20 cm indicating that all treatments were once dominated by C4 grasses before woody plant encroachment during the past century. These results have implications for scientists, land managers, and policymakers who are now evaluating the potential for land uses to alter ecosystem C storage and influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global climate.     

Characteristics for the hybrid cell Foaz obtained from the protoplast fusion between yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in soybean processing wastewater

The optimal pH and temperature, maximum specific degradation rate, half rate constant and flocculation rate for the hybrid cell Foaz were measured in the reaction for the degradation of soybean processing wastewater(SPW) in this study. The optimal pH and temperature for Foaz in SPW were the same as those of its parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y9407 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides P9479, but the flocculation rate, the maximum specific degradation rate and the half rate constant for Foaz were higher than those of its parental strains. The results suggest that the characteristics of the inter-kingdom fusant Foaz constructed from the protoplast fusion between the eukaryote cell yeast S.cerevisiae and the prokaryote cell photosynthetic bacteria R.Sphaeroides may favor degrading organic pollutant in SPW and removing biomass from the effluent.     

土壤和茶树对稀土元素的富集作用

稀土元素广泛应用于作物增产,但它对生态环境的影响却不甚了解,春茶萌芽时使用稀释300倍的稀土微肥南大2998茶素喷施叶面,分别于3、6、9、12个月时测定土壤和茶树中稀土元素的含量变化和累积情况。结果指出：施用稀土后短时间内,土壤和茶树中稀土元素的含量均比未施用稀土时有不同程度的增加,经过较长时间后,上层土壤中的稀土元素向下层土壤迁移,并在下层土壤中富集;而茶树的根、茎中稀土含量均表现为下降,叶中的含量呈不同变化趋势,即铈组稀土含量上升3.74mg/kg,钇组稀土含量下降0.91mg/kg,表明茶叶对铈组稀土有较强的富集作用。     

天然淡水表面微层中某些重金属富集现象研究

自制成玻璃板表面微层水采样器,采集厚度可达30至55μｍ,表面微层水中颗粒物采集率为45.3％±2.2％,性能合乎要求。应用于天津水上公园表面微层湖水,以AAS和ICP法测定其中铜、铁、锰、锌的含量,与相应采样点下层湖水相比,4种重金属在表面微层水中的富集倍数为2至88,富集显著,并与采样站位等有关。     

14C-生物碱在模拟水环境中暴露行为的研究

本文采用同位素示踪技术和室内模拟微生境研究了“C-盐酸脱廷胡索碱在好氧、厌氧水环境中的行为;对水、绿藻、溞及底泥中的残留量进行了分析:并用TLC分离出了水体及底泥中的转化产物,结果表明,该生物碱进入水环境后向底泥相转移是其主要迁移途径,最终在底泥上的残留量占85％以上,光及底泥微生物对该生物碱的转化起了一定作用。     

压缩空气下FRPC能源桩承载特性分析

可再生能源储存系统是利用钢筋混凝土桩基础来储存由太阳能板产生的可再生能源,可再生能源以压缩空气的形式储存在空心截面的桩基内,桩基础作为上部结构的承载结构,不仅要承受上部结构荷载,还要承受土体的反作用力和压缩空气的压力。然而,混凝土在拉应力作用下易产生裂缝,导致钢筋混凝土桩储存能源的使用性能和耐久性受限。为了克服传统钢筋混凝土能量桩的这些缺陷,针对各种FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer)-混凝土复合桩基础储能和承载的双功能进行研究。综合考虑结构荷载、土体的反作用和压缩空气热动力循环引起的内部空气压力的共同作用,对多种形式的复合能量桩基础体系的适用性进行了综合有限元分析。研究表明,内侧和外侧的FRP管可以有效提高使用性能和耐久性,相对于钢筋混凝土桩,FRPC管桩的使用可靠性和耐久性性能更高。     

杭州湾北岸多年水沙特性变化及原因探讨

强潮作用下杭州湾北岸受到围垦等人类活动的影响.基于1982和2017年实测数据对比分析了35年来杭州湾北岸的潮流、含沙量、盐度和地形变化.研究表明:与1982年相比,区域内的潮流场结构整体不变,各测点均呈往复流态势,多年来涨潮流速大于落潮流速;研究区域内多年垂向平均含沙量下降22％,底部高浓度集中,表底层浓度梯度增大,含沙量高值区在空间上的分布由芦潮港向湾内移动,金山深槽区的含沙量增长了79％.综合岸线和水下地形变化与长江减沙、地貌冲淤和局地人类活动密切相关,杭州湾北岸仍将面临侵蚀的风险威胁.     

Effects of different soil pH and nitrogen fertilizers on Bidens pilosa L. Cd accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bidens pilosa L. was a Cd hyperaccumulator. This experiment determined the effects of different soil pH (adjusted by weak acid and alkali at 4.83,...