叶绿素a含量与大气污染评价的研究

当绿色植物受到污染大气的侵害后,叶片中叶绿素a的含量就会下降。因此,通过测定生长于一个城市上风向(大气清洁区),侧风向(轻污区),下风向(重污区)大叶黄杨(Buxaceae buxus sp.)生长功能叶片中叶绿素a含量(c),并以Ci/C上风=A作为相对评价标准,即可在排除了采样差异的前提下,较为客观地揭示城市各区污染的宏观状况。     

中国特色的城市化问题

针对当前社会经济发展中 ,建设有中国特色的城市化问题 ,展开全方位、多视角的分析阐述。指出并纠正了认识上对城市化问题的种种误区。提出中国的城市化发展应该与国情国力、工业化发展形势相协调 ,过程应有序、健康。并认为 :(1)在相当大一段时期内 ,中国城市化水平以界定在5 0 %或 5 5 %为宜 ,而不应该盲目追求西方国家不同国情的高指标、高比例 ;(2 )对城市今后的发展规模应有一个合理限度 ,考虑人口、用地、环境的合理容量 ;(3)小城镇的发展要合理引导、分期分批、有重点地稳步发展 ;(4)乡村城镇化必须发展生态农业与生态工业 ,走集约化、专业化的道路。正确引导中国的城市化进程 ,把城市发展和农村、工业和农业、人口流动、产业政策、区域平衡、科技进步、外向型经济可持续发展等当作整体一盘棋来统筹制定总体战略     

REACH授权对我国危险化学品使用许可的借鉴

介绍了欧盟REACH法规中对授权的基本规定,包括需授权物质组成和给予授权的基本条件,并重点阐述了需授权物质的确定流程。概述了我国危险化学品使用许可制度的基本现状,参照REACH授权,提出了我国危险化学品使用许可建议。     

Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.     

农业非点源污染研究综述

针对农业非点源污染的研究现状,综述了非点源污染的定义、特征、污染现状以及危害,并介绍了国内外学者在非点源污染研究的技术方法方面的进展,指出利用与RS、GIS的紧密结合来建立基础信息数据库,对非点源污染过程进行模拟是进行非点源污染研究必然的发展趋势,并简单介绍了两个在国内外应用较广泛的非点源污染模型AnnAGNPS和SWAT模型,最后讨论了利用模型模拟非点源污染过程的优势。     

石龙芮与酸模处理生活污水实验研究

运用无土栽培技术,通过石龙芮和酸模对生活污水的降解实验,对两种植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了实验分析。实验表明两种植物对污水中的营养元素都具有较好的去除,N、P元素的最终去除率都能达到80％,石龙芮对COD的去除达到45％左右,而酸模对COD的去除可达50％。相对于单一植物系统来说,石龙芮一酸模复合植物系统可对生活污水中的P元素和COD的去除更高。研究表明石龙芮和酸模都可以作为人工湿地植物,用来处理生活污水,而两种植物都具有耐寒性,可以提高人工湿地在冬季的运行效率。     

Isolation of a Pseudomonas Stutzeri strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl₂ method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(4): 385–388 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

昆明市松华坝水源区人口与生态环境问题研究

松华坝水源区是昆明市重要的优质饮用水源地,是昆明市人民生活及工农业生产的主要水源。近几年来,随着水源区人口增加,水源区水质与生态环境状况不断恶化,人地矛盾日益突出。分析了目前松华坝水源区水质现状与存在的主要生态环境问题,浅析了水源区生态环境问题形成的主要原因,分析了松华坝水源区生态环境与人口发展的关系,预测了水源区人口的发展趋势与水源区污染物的排放趋势,提出了水源区生态保护的具体措施与相应的人口政策。     

微电解＋Fenton试剂预处理染料废水工程实例研究

采用微电解＋Fenton试剂预处理是有效地解决染料废水不可生化性和色度的一种简单方便技术。通过工程实践证明,采用微电解＋Fenton预处理染料废水能够提高其可生化性,降低色度,联用传统的生化处理技术,处理后的染料废水能够实现达标排放,污染物COD的平均去除率达97%以上。该工艺处理系统运行2年,效果明显、稳定可靠。