大空间火灾烟气流动的动态显示研究

讨论了火灾烟气流动过程的计算机动态模拟方法。利用Ｄｅｌｐｈｉ可视化编程工具,建立了一个融区域模拟计算和计算机动态显示于一体的火灾发展的模拟软件,并以中国科技大学的大空间建筑火灾实验厅为对象,对典型火灾羽流及烟气层的发展过程进行了动态显示。     

论城市灾害管理模型

城市是人类抗灾,防灾的重点,加强城市灾害防治是城市,乃至整个国家可持续发展的必要保证,城市灾害管理是减轻城市灾害的主要的主要措施之一,本文用管理学,控制论,决策论的思想建立了城市灾害管理的模型。     

污染治理中的微波诱导催化技术

归纳了微波诱导催化技术在大气羡染控制、水污染控制、固体废弃物处理与处置等污染治理中的应用状况及应用实例，阐述了微波诱导催化技术的基本原理，提出了微波诱导催化技术在实践应用环节中存在的问题及解决措施，展望了微波诱导催化技术在污染治理领域中的应用前景。     

高压变频技术在70 t电弧炉除尘系统中的应用

提出运用高压变频技术实现电弧炉除尘风机变频调速的工艺.在70 t ABB电弧炉烟气治理运用中,以温度为调速系统主要控制参数,设计工频和变频两套系统,实现除尘风机的转速按工艺要求调节,其功率因数从0.83提高到0.97,除尘系统节电60%,冶炼工况同时也得到改善.表明该工艺具有广阔的应用前景.     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

基于数值模拟的公交车火灾发展过程及特性研究

采用数值模拟方法研究典型型号公交车的火灾发展过程,探讨车门打开对火情发展和人员逃生的影响.通过描述火源、公交车的结构及其内饰物的属性,研究车厢内关键位置的温度分布、能见度及CO和O2体积分数的变化规律,以揭示公交车的火灾发展、烟气运动过程及对人员安全逃生的影响.结果表明:车门打开后由于供氧充足,明显加速了火势的蔓延和烟气扩散,并使得燃烧温度显著提高;打开车门后20 s内,车门附近能见度和O2体积分数显著增高,CO体积分数有所降低,是乘客逃生的关键时间.     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Rapid and simple spectrophotometric determination of persulfate in water by microwave assisted decolorization of Methylene Blue

A rapid and simple method for determination of persulfate in aqueous solution was developed. The method is based on the rapid reaction of persulfate with Methylene Blue(MB) via domestic microwave activation, which can promote the activation of persulfate and decolorize MB quickly. The depletion of MB at 644 nm(the maximum absorption wavelength of MB) is in proportion to the increasing concentration of persulfate in aqueous solution. Linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0–1.5 mmol/L, with a limit of detection of 0.0028 mmol/L. The reaction time is rapid(within 60 sec), which is much shorter than that used for conventional methods. Compared with existing analytical methods, it need not any additives, especially colorful Fe2+, and need not any pretreatment for samples, such as p H adjustment.     

化学品正辛醇空气分配系数定量预测模型研究

正辛醇-空气分配系数是描述化学品在空气和环境有机相之间分配的一个关键参数,对化学品分配、迁移、转化规律和生态效应评价具有重要意义。采用量子化学方法对309个化合物进行结构优化,采用遗传算法筛选最优结构描述符,运用多元线性回归和神经网络算法构建化学品正辛醇-空气分配系数预测模型。模型方程表明影响化学品正辛醇-空气分配系数的3个参数为分子中非氢原子个数(Nsk)、3D-MoRSE描述符(Mor12u)、氮原子和氧原子数目(n HDon)。拟合结果显示,多元线性回归模型决定系数R2和标准误差分别为0.911和0.880,神经网络模型决定系数R2和均方根误差分别为0.839和0.830。基于杠杆(leverage)法评价模型的应用域,结果表明模型具有较强的稳健性、预测性和拟合能力。通过定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)预测技术可弥补正辛醇-空气分配系数测试数据的缺失,减少测试费用和评估数据的不确定性。     

氧化硫硫杆菌固定化菌球制备及其耦合填料去除H2S

以海藻酸钠(SA)为包埋载体,对氧化硫硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans)进行固定化制备菌球,优化菌球制备条件,在生物滤塔内验证其对H₂S的去除能力.以前期驯化获得的富含硫系恶臭降解微生物菌群的污泥为菌源进行生物滤塔填料筛选,耦合A.thiooxidans菌球和填料进行生物除臭.结果表明,优选的固定化条件为:SA浓度3.0%､吸附剂CNT､A.thiooxidans菌悬液与混合液比例20%､CaCl₂浓度4.0%､改性剂己二胺溶液,获得的菌球机械强度､传质性能､硫氧化能力最好.将A.thiooxidans菌球填装于生物滤塔,H₂S最大去除率和去除能力为70%和1.06g H₂S/m³·h.以混合挂膜方式进行填料挂膜后,在聚氨酯泡沫､活性碳布和陶粒中优选出最佳填料活性碳布,获得H₂S最大去除率和去除能力为88%和0.84g H₂S/m³·h.以混合填装方式将A.thiooxidans菌球与活性碳布填装于生物滤塔,获得H₂S最大去除率和去除能力为86%和1.00g H₂S/m³·h.