城市地表灰尘-降雨径流系统重金属生物有效性研究

以上海中心城区为例,定点采集地表灰尘、径流悬浮物、雨水口和河流沉积物,探讨重金属在地表灰尘-降雨径流系统中的环境行为及其生物有效性变化.研究表明,研究区域地表灰尘重金属浓度高于上海土壤背景值,其中Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu高出5~7倍,Cr和Ni高出2倍,径流非点源污染Pb、Cr和Ni贡献较大,Cd、Cu和Zn污染程度较轻.多介质赋存形态研究表明,重金属生物有效性依次为Zn>Ni>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr.其中Cr、Zn和Cu在4种介质中分别以残渣态、碳酸盐态和有机态为主;Ni地表灰尘以残渣态为主,其它3种介质以碳酸盐态为主;Cd地表灰尘以有机态为主,径流悬浮物以非稳定形态为主;Pb在迁移过程中主导形态由铁锰结合态变为有机态.非稳定形态(F1+F2)在径流悬浮物组分中占有最高比例,6种重金属迁移比率平均值为1.74,说明从地表灰尘到径流颗粒物,重金属生物有效性明显升高,径流水体毒性和潜在生态效应值得关注;雨水口和河流沉积物残渣态含量较高,成为重金属在城市地表环境迁移的蓄积库.     

南京及周边区域亚青期间大气监控预警走航观测研究

2013年8月,为了解亚青会期间南京及周边地区大气污染物的来源、时空分布和输送规律,江苏省环境监测中心联合中科院大气物理所等15家单位,开展了为期一个月的夏季联合观测,监测区域覆盖江苏沿江8市以及安徽部分地区。该次联合观测,江苏首次利用空气质量数值预报模式指导开展走航观测,实现了动静、水平与垂直相结合的立体式巡航观测,并初步揭示了现阶段江苏省大气污染主要特征,观测结果直接服务于亚青空气质量会商,为保障南京市空气质量提供技术支撑,同时为2014青奥会空气质量保障积累经验。     

Combined effects of air pollution in adulthood and famine exposure in early life on type 2 diabetes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Famine exposure or air pollution is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their combined effects on T2DM remain largely unknown. A total...     

Cadmium removal mechanistic comparison of three Fe-based nanomaterials: Water-chemistry and roles of Fe dissolution

● nZVI, S-nZVI, and nFeS were systematically compared for Cd(II) removal. ● Cd(II) removal by nZVI involved coprecipitation, complexation, and reduction. ● The predominant reaction for Cd(II) removal by S-nZVI and nFeS was replacement. ● A simple pseudo-second-order kinetic can adequately fit Fe(II) dissolution. Cadmium (Cd) is a common toxic heavy metal in the environment. Taking Cd(II) as a target contaminant, we systematically compared the performances of three Fe-based nanomaterials (nano zero valent iron, nZVI; sulfidated nZVI, S-nZVI; and nano FeS, nFeS) for Cd immobilization under anaerobic conditions. Effects of nanomaterials doses, initial pH, co-existing ions, and humic acid (HA) were examined. Under identical conditions, at varied doses or initial pH, Cd(II) removal by three materials followed the order of S-nZVI > nFeS > nZVI. At pH 6, the Cd(II) removal within 24 hours for S-nZVI, nFeS, and nZVI (dose of 20 mg/L) were 93.50%, 89.12% and 4.10%, respectively. The fast initial reaction rate of nZVI did not lead to a high removal capacity. The Cd removal was slightly impacted or even improved with co-existing ions (at 50 mg/L or 200 mg/L) or HA (at 2 mg/L or 20 mg/L). Characterization results revealed that nZVI immobilized Cd through coprecipitation, surface complexation, and reduction, whereas the mechanisms for sulfidated materials involved replacement, coprecipitation, and surface complexation, with replacement as the predominant reaction. A strong linear correlation between Cd(II) removal and Fe(II) dissolution was observed, and we proposed a novel pseudo-second-order kinetic model to simulate Fe(II) dissolution.     

PM2.5 exposure inducing ATP alteration links with NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been the primary air pollutant and the fourth leading risk factor for disease and death in the world. Exposure to...     

Correction to: PM2.5 exposure inducing ATP alteration links with NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -