医疗废物无害化处理工艺及移动床热分解炉的选择应用

随着我国医疗废物处理的各项法规、条例等规章制度的建立和健全,彻底实现医疗废物的无害化、减量化、资源化,对处理工艺及主要设备的合理选择提出了更高的要求。在此就中原某市医疗废物无害化处理工程设计工艺及热分解炉的选择特点做出了较明确的阐述,可供参考。     

Yield gap analysis of major food crops in Pakistan: prospects for food security

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concept of yield gap analysis can be used to meet the growing demands for agricultural products. Sustainable development goals (e.g. SDG1 and...     

新型L沸石在FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂中的应用研究

采用等体积浸渍法,制备了一系列含有相同含量活性组分(MoO3、CoO和NiO)不同USL沸石含量的加氢脱硫催化剂。通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附脱附、吡啶红外(Py-FTIR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等分析方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明:与Cat.0(参比剂,仅以γ-Al2O3为载体)相比,添加USL沸石催化剂所得加氢油的烯烃含量、芳烃含量和研究法辛烷值(RON)均增加;仅当催化剂载体中USL沸石加量在0~40m%之间变化时,加氢油的异构烷烃含量呈上升趋势;而当载体中USL沸石添加量在0~20m%之间变化时,催化剂的脱硫率有所升高。综合对比,当载体中USL沸石添加量约为40m%,催化剂具有最佳的综合性能指标,脱硫率达90%,RON损失仅为1.5左右。     

煤化工煤焦油逸出废气回收利用技术研究

通过对河北省秦皇岛市耀华玻璃工业园有限公司地下300m,储油罐煤焦油逸出废油气进行实验室模拟实验,现场实际工程设计、制造、安装、调试、检验等实践研究,采用“冷凝＋自激吸收器＋吸收＋活性炭吸附”油气处理回收技术,并独创了自激吸收器新技术,处理后的煤焦油逸出废气完全达到了国家《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》（GB16171—2012）的相关要求。     

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development. •Water resource conservation drives industrial transformation. •Synergy between economic development and environmental protection is achieved. •Regional collaboration over water could promote sustainable development in drylands. Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands. Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. In 2008, Inner Mongolia, typical dryland in northern China, proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development. Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations. Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation, evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel, and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries (especially tourism). Following industrial transformation, economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts. Based on these results, adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development. Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed, e.g., a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia (an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources) and central Inner Mongolia (an economically developed region with high water stress). Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions. By integrating the findings of our research, our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.     

中国水泥工业节能减排效果分析及对策研究

根据水泥工业大气污染物排放的数学模型;测算2005年-2011年中国水泥工业二氧化碳(CO2)、氮氧化物(NO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)、颗粒物(PM)和氟化物(F)等污染物排放量,分析节能减排的效果并提出解决问题的对策。结果表明:水泥工业CO2排放量逐年增长,并且与水泥产量和单位产品综合能耗呈线性关系;原料煅烧和能源利用过程CO2排放量分别占56%和44%;单位水泥产品CO2排放强度由0.68 t·t-1下降到0.58 t·t-1,相当于每年节约标准煤682×104t、减少CO2排放共计1.03×108t。NO2排放量分别是SO2、PM、F的4、7、160倍。发展新型干法技术、建设烟气脱硝装置、协同处置固体废物是水泥工业未来节能减排的发展方向。     

污泥焚烧炉气动分配阀优化改造研究

文章阐述了循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用及在实际应用中出现的问题,针对循环流化床锅炉系统的气动分配阀在实际操作中出现的问题进行了分析,进一步分析了气动阀存在的问题对整个系统的影响,确定了对其改造的方案,并付诸实施,气动阀的改造不但稳定了系统操作,亦使各项排放指标达到了国家标准,获得了循环流化床技术应用于污泥焚烧的操作经验,同时使得循环流化床技术在污泥焚烧领域的应用趋于成熟,并为循环流化床技术在污泥处置领域的推广奠定了基础。     

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

This study aimed to determine the levels of placental cadmium (PCd) and cord blood cadmium (CBCd) and the resulting expression of placental metallothionein (MT) in neonates and to investigate cadmium (Cd) exposure levels in neonates and mothers who live in Guiyu, China, an electronic waste (e-waste) pollution site. Among the 423 mothers included in the study from 2004/2005 to 2007, 289 lived in Guiyu (exposed group) and 134 lived in Chaonan, located 10 km away from Guiyu (controls) and had never been exposed to e-waste pollution. CBCd and PCd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Placental MT was examined by immunohistochemistry. Information on maternal and neonatal characteristics and exposure conditions was obtained from hospital records and by personal interviews. For the 3 years, the median CBCd was higher for Guiyu neonates than for controls (3.61 vs. 1.25 ??g/L), with 25.61% of Guiyu subjects exhibiting a median CBCd that exceeded the safety limit defined by the World Health Organization (5 ??g/L), as compared with 14.18% of control neonates (p < 0.01). In Guiyu, the mean PCd was higher than that for controls (0.17 ± 0.48 vs. 0.10 ± 0.11 ??g/g, p ?? 0.01). The high levels of CBCd and PCd were significantly associated with parents?? occupational and environmental exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants. Staining for MT was positive and dense for 67.00% (67/100) of Guiyu neonates as compared with 32.69% (17/52) of controls (p < 0.01). Exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants increased Cd exposure in neonates, which was accompanied by increased placental MT expression.     

Source emissions and climate change impacts on the multimedia transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants, Chaohu watershed, eastern China

Emission intensity and climate change control the transport flux and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in multiple environmental compartments. This study applied a multimedia model (BETR model) to explore alternations in the spatio-temporal trends of concentrations and transport flux of benzopyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Chaohu watershed, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China in response to changes in source emissions and climate. The potential historic and future risks of these pollutants also were assessed. The results suggest that current trends in concentrations and transport were similar to that of their emissions between 2005 and 2018. During the next 100 years, temporal trends and spatial patterns were not predicted to change significantly, which is consistent with climate change. Based on sensitivity and correlation analyses, climate change had significant effects on multi-media concentrations and transport fluxes of BaP, Phe, PFOS and PCBs, and rainfall intensity was the predominant controlling factor. Risk quotients (RQs) of BaP and Phe-in soil increased from 0.42 to 0.95 and 0.06 to 0.35, respectively, from 2005 to 2090, indicating potential risks. The RQs of the other examined contaminants exhibited little potential risk in soil, water, or sediment. Based on spatial patterns, it was inferred that the ecosystem around Lake Chaohu is the most at risk. The study provides insights needed for local pollution control of POPs in the Chaohu watershed. In addition, the developed approach can be applied to other watersheds world-wide.     

降解氯氰菊酯光合细菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从农药厂污水处理池的活性污泥中分离到一株高效氯氰菊酯农药降解菌,命名为PSB07-13。根据该菌体培养特征、菌落形态特征、活细胞光谱吸收特征、生理生化特性、光合作用内膜系统结构类型,并结合16S rRNA（Genebank Accession NO.EU366142）序列相似性分析,将其鉴定为沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palustris）。利用气相色谱对PSB07-13的降解能力进行了测定,结果表明：该菌培养6d后,对50mg·L-1的氯氰菊酯的降解率达到80.94%。降解特性研究结果表明：该菌在含氯氰菊酯培养基中的最适生长温度为30℃、pH为7.0及光照强度为7500lx;该菌不能以氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源和能源生长;该降解菌还能较好地降解甲氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、溴氰菊酯等菊酯类农药。该农药残留降解菌可以用于农药厂有机废水处理及农田农药残留降解,具有一定的应用前景。