A fuzzy composting process model

Composting processes are normally complicated with a variety of uncertainties arising from incomplete or imprecise information obtained in real-world systems. Previously, there has been a lack of studies that focused on developing effective approaches to incorporate such uncertainties within composting process models. To fill this gap, a fuzzy composting process model (FCPM) for simulating composting process under uncertainty was developed. This model was mainly based on integration of a fractional fuzzy vertex method and a comprehensive composting model. Degrees of influence by projected uncertain factors were also examined. Two scenarios were investigated in applying the FCPM method. In the first scenario, model simulation under deterministic conditions was conducted. A pilot-scale experiment was provided for verifications. The result indicated that the proposed composting model could provide an excellent vehicle for demonstrating the complex interactions that occurred in the composting process. In the second scenario, application of the proposed FCPM was conducted under uncertainties. Six input parameters were considered to be of uncertain features that were reflected as fuzzy membership functions. The results indicated that the uncertainties projected in input parameters will result in significant derivations on system predictions; the proposed FCPM can generate satisfactory system outputs, with less computational efforts being required. Analyses on degree of influence of system inputs were also provided to describe the impacts of uncertainties on system responses. Thus, suitable measures can be adopted either to reduce system uncertainty by well-directed reduction of uncertainties of those high-influencing parameters or to reduce the computational requirement by neglecting those negligible factors.     

工资发放管理系统

Foxpro是一种方便的图形化数据库开发语言。笔者利用它编写了一个简单实用的工资发放管理系统软件。本文从该软件的设计思想、实施方法、难点分析、使用效果等几个方面介绍和论述。     

监测井在化工厂区土壤和地下水污染监测中的应用

文章分析了监测井在化工厂区土壤和地下水污染监测中的应用 ,指出对化工厂区土壤和地下水污染进行有效监测的必要性 ,并探讨化工厂区监测井的整体规划和设计。     

天津市工业污染源结构分析与产业政策建议

文章通过对天津市工业污染源结构分析,确定了天津市工业污染的重点工业行业、重点污染物排放区域以及各区域的重点排污行业,并在此基础上提出了天津市工业发展的产业政策建议。     

聚合物钻井废液的处理研究

文章采用化学处理方法对聚合物钻井废液进行处理,先对其进行破胶混凝处理,再固液分离,最后固化处理。通过对几种主要处理剂的加量以及配伍性的研究,得出最优处理配方,经最优配方处理后的固化物浸出液监测指标均较好,其中色度、pH值及COD监测指标均能达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,减少了聚合物钻井废液对环境的污染。     

水解酸化—膜生物反应器处理印染废水

采用平行比较实验,研究了加入聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的水解酸化—膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺(1号系统)和未加PAFS的水解酸化—MBR工艺(2号系统)对模拟印染废水(简称废水)的处理效果和膜污染状况。实验结果表明,PAFS所形成的含铁含铝活性污泥可以提高废水的COD去除率和脱色率。运行期间1号系统膜污染引起的系统抽吸压力增长速率远小于2号系统。污染膜表面的电子显微镜照片表明加入PAFS后减缓了MBR中活性污泥在膜表面的沉积。1号系统膜组件的污染主要是Fe3+、Al3+及它们的氢氧化物为主的无机物在膜表面和膜孔内沉积所形成;2号系统的膜污染以微生物及其有机代谢产物所形成的污泥层附着为主。     

Spatial distribution,potential risk assessment,and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Lake Chaohu,China

Twenty-nine sediment samples were collected from Lake Chaohu, a shallow eutrophic lake in Eastern China, and were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to determine the spatial distribution and exposure risks of PAHs. Three receptor models, the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) model, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and the Unmix model, were used in combination with the PAHs diagnostic ratios to investigate the potential source apportionment of PAHs. A clear gradient in the spatial distribution and the potential toxicity of PAHs was observed from west to east in the sediments of Lake Chaohu. ∑₁₅PAH concentrations and the TEQ were in the range of 80.82-30 365.01 ng g^?1 d.w. and 40.77-614.03, respectively. The highest values of the aforementioned variables were attributed to urban–industrial pollution sources in the west lake region, and the levels decreased away from the river inlets. The three different models yielded excellent correlation coefficients between the predicted and measured levels of the 15 PAH compounds. Similarly, source apportionment results were derived from the three receptor models and the PAH diagnostic ratios, suggesting that the highest contribution to the PAHs was from coal combustion and wood combustion, followed by vehicular emissions. The PMF model yielded the following contributions to the PAHs from gasoline combustion, diesel combustion, unburned petroleum emissions, and wood combustion: 34.49, 24.61, 16.11, 13.01, and 11.78 %, respectively. The PMF model produced more detailed source apportionment results for the PAHs than the PCA-MLR and Unmix models.     

2003—2008年兰州市土地利用变化及其驱动因素研究

土地利用变化的驱动力研究是全球变化研究中的一个重点。以甘肃省兰州市为例,在土地变更详查数据及兰州市统计年鉴资料基础上,研究土地利用变化的特点,分析城镇化、工业化过程中的土地利用变化趋势及土地利用变化驱动因子。运用主成分分析法得到兰州市土地利用变化的主要驱动因子为人口增长、经济发展、农业发展、政府政策。根据研究结果提出土地管理措施,为研究区土地的可持续利用提供依据。     

双台子河与大辽河表层水体微塑料特征与分布研究

微塑料是全球新兴环境热点问题之一.据估算,80％的海洋微塑料来于陆源输入,而河流被认为是陆源微塑料输入海洋的主要路径之一.为揭示辽河流域水体微塑料污染特征、空间分布及其对渤海微塑料污染的潜在贡献,本文基于密度分离原理并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱方法,研究了双台子河与大辽河下游至入海口(盘锦段)河道表层水体微塑料丰度、材质组...     

中华鲟幼鱼生理生态行为研究进展

中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)是珍稀鲟类,属极危物种。大坝建设造成水流状态、水温、水质、底质等因素的变化以及环境污染对中华鲟生境造成破坏,受到环境胁迫导致生理生态行为的变化对其生存、生长具有重要的影响。中华鲟幼鱼保护是中华鲟种质资源保护的重要环节,本文结合文献综述了中华鲟幼鱼的洄游、摄食、游泳行为以及环境污染对中华鲟幼鱼的生理生态行为影响的研究进展,以期为后续中华鲟行为的研究和其保护提供参考。