测压法测定BOD的研究与应用

对采用差压式直读测定装置测定生化需氧量(BOD)的方法进行了研究,该方法操作简单、直观性好,简化了大量烦琐操作并可连续测定BOD。通过测压法与稀释接种法(测定BOD的国家标准方法)的对比及差异性统计检验,表明这两种方法没有显著性差异。经对实际水样的分析并与标准稀释法的分析结果进行比较,该方法准确度较高。     

高炉共处置铜渣中Cu、Fe元素还原的热力学分析

铜渣的组成分析表明渣中Cu元素主要以Cu2S和Cu2O形式存在,Fe元素主要以Fe2SiO4、Fe3O4及少量FeO形式存在。对利用高炉共处置铜渣过程中Cu、Fe元素还原反应的热力学分析表明,铜渣中的含铜化合物在高炉上部下部均可反应,Fe2SiO4主要在高炉的中下部还原,Ca O的存在有利于Fe2SiO4的间接还原和直接还原。     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of lindane using metal–semiconductor Zn@ZnO and ZnO/Ag nanostructures

To achieve enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of lindane, we prepared metal–semiconductor composite nanoparticles (NPs). Zn@ZnO core–shell (CS) nanocomposites, calcined ZnO, and Ag-doped ZnO (ZnO/Ag) nanostructures were prepared using pulsed laser ablation in liquid, calcination, and photodeposition methods, respectively, without using surfactants or catalysts. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In addition, elemental analysis was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The obtained XRD and morphology results indicated good dispersion of Zn and Ag NPs on the surface of the ZnO nanostructures. Investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of lindane under UV–vis irradiation showed that Zn@ZnO CS nanocomposites exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than the other prepared samples. The maximum degradation rate of lindane was 99.5% in 40 min using Zn@ZnO CS nanocomposites. The radical trapping experiments verified that the hydroxyl radical (·OH) was the main reactive species for the degradation of lindane.     

活性污泥处理系统耐含盐废水冲击负荷性能

不同含盐量的废水对运行正常的活性污泥处理系统的冲击影响试验结果表明：当处理生活污水的活性污泥系统受到的ＮａＣｌ冲击负荷小于５ｇ／Ｌ时,系统不会受到太大的影响,活性污泥的氧摄入速率（ＯＵＲ）和系统的总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）去除率仍能够保持正常;冲击负荷大于１０ｇ／Ｌ后,盐对活性污泥产生影响,活性污泥ＯＵＲ降低约３５％ ,ＴＯＣ去除率降低约３０％     

生态修复水生植物根际氨氧化细菌的研究

为研究水生植被恢复对底泥氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)种群的影响,选取在生态修复中广泛使用的4种水生植物,芦苇(Phragmites communis)、窄叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和荇菜(Limnanthemun nymphoides),采用最大可能数法(most pmbable number,MPN)计数AOB的数量,巢式聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradienl gel electmphoresis,nested PCR-DGGE)及条带回收测序的方法分析AOB的主要种类.结果显示,水生植物根际AOB密度显著高于无水生植物的表层底泥,而芦苇(2.8×105cells/g)和菖蒲(4.3×10'celts/g)又明显高于菹草(9.3 x 104cells/g)和荇菜(7.7×104 cells/g).水生植物根际呈氧化环境,而NH 4的浓度低于无水生植物的对照区.DNA测序结果显示尽管不同植物根际AOB主要种类有所区别,但基本属于亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas).此类微生物群落在水生植物根际的聚集对促进生态修复中N元素的循环具有重要作用.     

高压静电处理水对活性污泥耗氧速率的影响研究

利用活性污泥微生物膜制成ＢＯＤ生物传感器,发现在经过一定时间高压静电处理后的缓冲液中,活性污泥降解有机物的能力可提高２０％以上,同一电压不同处理时间对微生物降解影响不同。处理时间过短或过长对微生物降解能力增加的影响都不明显,不同电压达到良好处理效果所需时间不同,较低电压所需时间较长,５０００Ｖ时约需６．０ｈ（信号响应达到初始值的１２４％）,而７０００Ｖ时约为４．０ｈ,结果表明,高压静电处理并接种活     

天然水体中亚硝酸根和硝酸根的光化学研究进展

综述了近年来亚硝酸根和硝酸根 (NO-2 /NO-3 )在天然水体中的环境光化学研究进展。重点介绍了NO-2 /NO-3 光解生成活性氧 (如羟基 )的机理及其影响因素 ,探讨了NO-2 /NO-3 光解引发天然水体中有机物反应的环境意义 ,并据此提出了本领域今后的研究方向     

Investigation of methods for estimating hand bone dimensions using X-ray hand anthropometric data

This study examined two conversion methods, M1 and M2, to predict finger/phalange bone lengths based on finger/phalange surface lengths. Forty-one Korean college students (25 males and 16 females) were recruited and their finger/phalange surface lengths, bone lengths and grip strengths were measured using a vernier caliper, an X-ray generator and a double-handle force measurement system, respectively. M1 and M2 were defined as formulas able to estimate finger/phalange bone lengths based on one dimension (i.e., surface hand length) and four finger dimensions (surface finger lengths), respectively. As a result of conversion, the estimation errors by M1 presented mean 1.22?mm, which was smaller than those (1.29?mm) by M2. The bone lengths estimated by M1 (mean r?=?0.81) presented higher correlations with the measured bone lengths than those estimated by M2 (0.79). Thus, the M1 method was recommended in the present study, based on conversion simplicity and accuracy.     

五大连池水体中氮素分布及规律的初步研究

分析了2009年9月至2010年10月五大连池水体的总氮、氨氮、硝氮3项指标.得出水体氮素的年度变化规律及相关性,即总氮和氨氮、氨态氮与硝态氮两组指标的相关性很高,总氮与硝态氮之间相关性较弱.3种指标都是冬季明显高于其他季节,总氮在春季最低随后升高,氨态氮和硝态氮在春夏秋季均维持较低水平,且结合3者变化规律,夏季和秋季...     

生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了近年来生物絮凝剂的研究和应用现状,详细总结了几种生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,并对生物絮凝剂的分类进行了阐述,列举了生物絮凝剂的应用情况,文中还提到了近年来的研究新进展,特别是提到了复合型生物絮凝剂的研制情况,最后文章对未来生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了叙述.