可持续环境与发展规划的途径及其有效性

当人们对一些经典概念和模式，如经济最优化模式、生态最适模式、最低安全标准、承载力概念等提出疑问之后，环境与发展规划的方法论也随之面临着严峻的挑战。本文指出：①以经济最优化和生态最适模式指导规划都是非常局限和困难的，规划决不是一个环境和经济决定论的过程，而是一个可辩护的过程；②环境可能会对发展产生所谓的“顶极的”“绝对的”制约，对此，规划必须服从。但是，这种“顶极的”和“绝对的”界线是很难确切定义的，也往往是难以操作的，因而其在环境与发展规划中的意义是相当有限的。必须寻找一些新的有效的战略使规划过程具有可辩护性和可操作性。如何寻求和设计这种辩护战略是可持续发展规划方法论的一个重要领域。生态安全格局途径正是在这一方向上所做的努力。     

Phylogeographic study of the dwarf oyster, Ostreola stentina, from Morocco, Portugal and Tunisia: evidence of a geographic disjunction with the closely related taxa, Ostrea aupouria and Ostreola equestris

Despite the economic importance of oysters due to the high aquaculture production of several species, the current knowledge of oyster phylogeny and systematics is still fragmentary. In Europe, Ostrea edulis, the European flat oyster, and Ostreola stentina, the Provence oyster or dwarf oyster, are both present along the European and African, Atlantic and Mediterranean, coasts. In order to document the relationship not only between O. stentina and O. edulis, but also with the other Ostrea and Ostreola species, we performed a sequence analysis of the 16S mitochondrial fragment (16S rDNA: the large subunit rRNA-coding gene) and the COI fragment (COI: cytochrome oxidase subunit I). Oysters were sampled from populations in Portugal (two populations), Tunisia (two populations) and Morocco (one population), identified as O. stentina on the basis of shell morphological characters. Our data supported a high degree of differentiation between O. stentina and O. edulis and a close relationship between O. stentina and both Ostrea aupouria (from New Zealand) and Ostreola equestris (from Mexico Gulf/Atlantic). The status of this geographic disjunction between these closely related species is discussed. Furthermore, although identified in a separate genus Ostreola by Harry (Veliger 28:121–158, 1985), our molecular data on O. stentina, together with those available for the other two putative congeneric species, O. equestris and Ostreola conchaphila, would favour incorporation of Ostreola in Ostrea. Finally, a PCR-RFLP approach allowed the rapid identification of O. edulis and O. stentina.     

以TiCl4—改性硅胶为催化剂的单糖或糖甲基苷的异丙叉化反应

以原甲酸三乙酯为试剂，丙酮为溶剂，在以化学改性硅胶为载体的四氯化钛的催化下，甘露糖及甘露，葡萄，半乳－糖的β甲基苷能方便地、高产率地异丙叉化。     

石杉碱戊和石杉碱己的结构

在石杉［Ｈｕｐｅｒｚｉａｓｅｒｒａｔａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｔｒｅｖ．］中分得了命名为石杉碱成素和已素的２个新生物碱，并用２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ和ＭＳ测定了它们的化学结构．     

物元模型及其在区域水环境质量评价中的应用

将灰色关联聚类法引入评价指标权重的确定，在物元分析的基础上，建立了基于聚类权重的区域水环境质量综合评价物元模型。通过实例分析将该模型与其它评价方法进行比较。结果显示，该模型弥补了模糊综合评判法、灰色聚类法的不足，评价结果合理，信息利用率高。     

Exploiting pattern and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭａｒｇｉｎａｌｌａｎｄｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｅｃｏｔｏｎｅ,ｍｅａｎｓｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｚｏｎｅｏｆｔｗｏｏｒｍｏｒｅｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ(Ｗｕ,1998).Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓａｍｏｎｇｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓｏｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｚｏｎｅｃａｎｃａｕｓｅｇｒｅａｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ(ｓｕｃｈａｓｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｔｙｐｅ,ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｄｅｎｓｉ…     

国内自由锻CAPP技术

综述了国内自由锻CAPP技术开发与应用情况,归纳了其不同发展阶段主要功能及技术特征,并展望了其发展和应用前景。     

A case study of industrial symbiosis development using a middle-out approach

Industrial symbiosis (IS) emerged as a collective, multi-industrial approach to improve economic and environmental performance through the use of wastes/by-products as substitutes for raw materials. The development of IS initiatives depends on the context in which they occur, characterised in terms of social, economic, political, spatial and temporal embeddedness. As a consequence, the context can be influenced to become more supportive of IS through a continuous, interactive process, combining top-down governmental directives and bottom-up spontaneous business initiatives. A strategy to develop and enhance this process is explored in this paper and described by the authors as a middle-out approach.Policies and policy instruments introduced by governmental agencies provide objectives and incentives to businesses. The middle-out approach induces the development of a strategy to create positive feedback loops among agents (e.g. government, industries) that may guide their actions into setting the conditions to support IS emergence.This paper provides a case study that discusses a regional development of IS in Portugal that highlights critical factors for success in implementing IS, and shows that the middle-out approach can also be understood as an extension and combination of previous research on context factors and planned/spontaneous approaches to IS development.