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251.
厌氧反应器技术研究开发情况简介 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
楼静 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(3):37-40
本文分析了厌氧反应器技术的发展过程,着重介绍了几种新型第三代厌氧反应器技术的原理和应用现状,以及我国目前对这些技术的研究开展情况,其中:升流式厌氧污泥床过滤器(UBF)研究取得了一定的成功经验;垂直折流厌氧污泥床反应器(VBASBR)缺乏应用生产实例;厌氧折流反应器(ABR)已有成功经验;内循环反应器(IC)还只限于部分废水的处理;膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(ECSB)尚未有规模的生产投入使用。 相似文献
252.
Shujuan Lou Jietai Mao Meihua Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(3):345-349
The objective of this study was to determine the black carbon concentration in Beijing in 2003. The aerosol properties were measured using an Aethalometer and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) on the roof of the Physics Building of Peking University (39.99° N, 116.31° E) from July to August 2003 and from November 2003 to January 2004. The average black carbon (BC) concentrations in the summer and winter were 8.80 and 11.4 μg/m3, respectively. During winter, two different cyclone cut offs were installed at the inlet of an aethalometer. The BC mass concentration in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were obtained. The results indicated that in winter aerosol, 90% of BC exited in PM10 and 82.6% of BC exited in PM2.5. The BC in PM10 accounted for 5.11% of the PM10 mass. 相似文献
253.
254.
Xufeng Fei Zhaohan Lou George Christakos Zhouqiao Ren Qingmin Liu Xiaonan Lv 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(6):2481-2490
Stomach cancer (SC) is a severe health burden, with nearly half of the world’s cases found in China. Noticeably, the emissions of heavy metals into the environment have increased alongside rapid urbanization and industrialization in China. However, as regards carcinogenic associations, the relationship between heavy metals and SC is yet unclear. Based on 9378 newly diagnosed SC cases in Hangzhou City from 2009 to 2012, this work is concerned with the quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution pattern of SC incidence and its geographical association with soil heavy metals by means of a novel geographical model. The results show that (a) Cd is one of the severe soil pollutants in Hangzhou; (b) higher SC incidence clusters are in central Hangzhou, whereas lower clusters are found in the northeast and southwest with a male to female incidence ratio about 2.2:1; (c) although when considered separately, the heavy metals in this work do not have a considerable impact on the distribution of SC incidence in Hangzhou City, nevertheless, the joint effects of multiple heavy metals have significant impacts on SC risk. The present work calls for a rigorous quantitative assessment of the integrated heavy metal soil pollution and its effects on SC incidence. 相似文献
255.
Zhi-Long Ye Yujun Deng Yaoyin Lou Xin Ye Shaohua Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):7
256.
溶解有机质作为水生生态系统中一种重要的活跃的有机组分,对生态系统中的碳循环起到重要的作用.利用模拟太阳光对Saguenay河溶解有机质的光氧化过程模拟,研究了溶解氧浓度、模拟太阳光波长范围和铁浓度对溶解无机碳产量的影响.研究表明,基于空气饱和样品前72 h的溶解无机碳产量1.39 μmol·L-1·h-1,氧气饱和条件下照射的溶解无机碳产量增加了52.5%,而氮气饱和条件下的照射则只有空气饱和样品的10%.实验以Mylar-D、有机玻璃UF-3和有机玻璃UF-4为滤光片研究了波长范围对溶解无机碳产量的影响,近似计算的结果表明UV-B、UV-A和可见光部分分别占无机碳产量的16.5%,55.4%和28.0%,表明溶解无机碳的生成可发生在紫外光无法到达的水体较深区域.铁在光化学催化氧化过程中起重要作用,当总铁浓度达到10 μmol·L-1时,有效的增加了溶解无机碳的生成速率,其生成速率约为初始样品的1.68倍(初始样品中总铁含量为3.2 μmol·L-1). 相似文献
257.
Carter SR Seixas NS Thompson ML Yost MG 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(11):932-937
Aluminium smelter potrooms are unique in that workplace exposures to hydrogen fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter occur simultaneously for some tasks. The peak exposures to these contaminants are of increasing interest in discovering the etiology of respiratory health effects. While a variety of direct-reading instruments are available for sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, only a few exist for hydrogen fluoride. The sensors in these HF instruments have a cross-sensitivity to sulfur dioxide making it difficult to monitor HF in an environment that also contains SO2. To overcome this problem, we assessed the simultaneous use of two electrochemical instruments: one with a SO2 sensor that does not respond to HF and the second with a hydrogen fluoride sensor that responds to both HF and SO2 in a 1 : 1 ratio, termed 'total acid gas'. The difference in the response between the two instruments should indicate the HF concentration: [HF + SO2] minus SO2 equals HF. The performance characteristics of this sampling train were evaluated in the laboratory through the generation of both HF and SO2 with permeation tubes. The response and recovery times for the SO2 only instrument were acceptable (6 and 15 s, respectively), but the "total acid gas" instrument exhibited both slow response and slow recovery approaching three and six min. The association between the traditional integrated filter sampling method and the direct-reading instrument for SO2 is 0.80 (Spearman's rho). The use of the digital filter strengthens the association between the HF direct-reading instrument and the integrated samples from 0.41 to 0.68. 相似文献
258.
Bamboo in climate change and rural livelihoods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maxim Lobovikov Dieter Schoene Lou Yping 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(3):261-276
Climate change negotiations, assessments, and greenhouse gas inventory guidelines have all but bypassed bamboo. Disallowing
stands of tree-like bamboos as forests disparages their function in the carbon (C) cycle, and disregards pillars of smallholder
livelihoods. Exposing bamboo not as a panacea, but as an overlooked option for C conservation, sequestration, and adaptation,
we screen details of distribution, morphology, growth, physiology, and impacts for pertinence to climate change. Additional
to 40 million hectares of existing bamboo forests, many potential host countries for C projects harbor suitable sites. Definitions,
methods and default values, such as the root/shoot- ratio, biomass conversion factors, allometric equations and sampling variables
need adjusting. Rapid maturation, persistent rhizomes, a rich palette of species, and wind-firmness may mitigate risk. Bamboos
can accommodate agro-and urban forestry, and reign in unsustainable shifting cultivation. Distribution functions of bamboo
biomass stocks and growths do not deviate drastically from those of trees. If anything, bamboo stocks are slightly lower,
and growths slightly higher, with medians of 87 t*ha−1 and 10.5 t*ha−1*yr−1, respectively. However, bamboo’s outstanding socio-economic effects might well determine its future in mitigation and adaptation.
Early, continuous yields, selective harvesting on even small parcels of land, low capital and high labor intensity, virtually
100% conversion efficiency to about 1,500 products, and, typically, 75% of economic returns benefiting rural people are advantageous
attributes. Regional studies on suitability, silviculture, yields, economics, risk, and C assessment would strengthen bamboo’s
function as ‘the poor man’s timber’ and promote its niche as the smallholder’s C sink. 相似文献
259.
Lou Mengmeng Liu Shuai Gu Chunjie Hu Huimin Tang Zhengkun Zhang Yaopeng Xu Chenye Li Fang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2509-2521
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aerosols harboring microorganisms and viruses released from the wastewater system into the air have greatly threatened the health and safety of... 相似文献
260.
Is urban development an urban river killer? A case study of Yongding Diversion Channel in Beijing, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xi Wang Junqi Li Yingxia Li Zhenyao Shen Xuan Wang Zhifeng Yang Inchio Lou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(6):1232-1237
The high population and concrete environment alter urban areas by changing temperature, rainfall runoff, and water resource utilization activities. This study was conducted to investigate the water quality features of the Yongding Diversion Channel in Beijing, China, and its relationship with rainfall and urban development. Monthly water quality data were obtained from April to October of 2004 at monitoring sites of Sanjiadian, Gaojing, Luodaozhuang, and Yuyuangtan. The monthly water quality grades from 2007 to 2011 were also investigated and compared with those of other rivers. Dissolved oxygen and pH showed greater decreases after one or two moderate rainfall events than several light rainfall events. The potassium permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) increased more after several light rainfall events than after one or two moderate or heavy rainfall events. Pollutant concentrations (CODMn, NH3-N, TP) in downstream regions showed greater changes than those in upstream areas after heavy rainfall events. Intense human activities around the channel greatly influenced the water quality of the channel in rainy season because of runoff pollution; however, heavy rainfall had a strong dilution effect on the pollutant concentrations in rivers. Overall, urban development has obviously deteriorated the water quality of the Yongding Diversion Channel as indicated by an increase in the water quality index from 3.22 in 2008 to 4.55 in 2010. The Pearson correlation between monthly rainfall and water quality indices from 2007 to 2011 ranged from 0.1286 to 0.6968, generally becoming weaker as rainfall and rainfall runoff became more random and extreme. 相似文献