基于神经网络的活性污泥系统建模及其控制

针对松江污水厂污水处理活性污泥系统,采用神经网络技术进行建模试验研究,在对实际运行数据剔除异常数据后,将样本数据随机分成训练样本、检验样本和测试样本.用试凑法确定合理的神经网络隐层节点数,用检验样本实时监控训练过程从而避免"过训练"现象,用多次改变网络初始连接权值求得全局极小点,从而建立了泛化能力较好的基于神经网络的活性污泥系统数学模型.利用建立的神经网络模型,对活性污泥系统运行情况的仿真与控制进行了分析研究.示例研究表明:神经网络技术能较好地应用于活性污泥系统的建模与控制,有很好的理论与实践意义.     

Integrating decay, storage, kinetic selection, and filamentous backbone factors in a bacterial competition model.

Filamentous bulking in activated sludge systems occurs when filamentous organisms outgrow floc-forming bacteria and interfere with sludge settling. The competition between filaments and floc formers has been described previously using the kinetic selection and filamentous backbone theories. We hypothesized that differences in decay rates and storage abilities also affect this competition. We tested this hypothesis by integrating these four factors into a substrate-utilization model to predict and explain coexistence in a completely mixed reactor. In addition, filamentous and nonfilamentous sludges were developed in laboratory-scale reactors and analyzed to determine decay rates. The modeling results showed coexistence of the two organism types, and sensitivity analysis showed that the kinetic parameters, storage rate constants, and backbone coefficient had the greatest effect on the simulation results. Monte Carlo simulation showed the effect of storage, and the ranges of dilution rates wherein one group outcompeted the other were delineated.     

亚铁催化声化学降解罗丹明B

比较了不同金属离子对罗丹明B的声化学降解作用，发现超声时加入Fe^2＋反应速率常数为单独超声波降解时的1．6倍，反应在前5h内符合假一级动力学。研究了亚铁离子强化声化学对罗丹明B的降解作用，考察了Fe^2＋用量，溶液初始pH值，曝气，反应温度和超声功率等因素对脱色速率的影响。研究表明，酸性条件有利于染料的脱色；有曝气时的声化学脱色速率常数是单独超声时的6倍；声化学反应的活化能较低，反应在低温就可以进行；超声功率的改变对脱色速率的影响不大。UV-VIS扫描图谱显示，染料在225nm和256nm处的紫外吸收明显降低，初步探讨了罗丹明B的降解机理。     

基于BP网络的水质综合评价模型及其应用

讨论了BP网络模型存在的不足及建模条件,提出了建立合理的BP网络模型的基本原则和步骤.针对水质评价问题,通过在各类水质污染指标浓度区间内生成随机分布样本的方法,组成足够多用于BP网络训练、检验和测试用的样本,建立了辽河水质综合评价的BP网络模型;给出了区分不同类别水质的模型分界值样本和模型输出分界值.     

黄淮海平原桐粮间作生物量生长规律探讨

通过对河南省商丘县观堂乡境内桐麦间作群落的定位观测，分析了间作地内泡桐树高、胸径和树冠的生长规律，探讨了不同走向、不同行距桐麦间作地内小麦产量变化的某些规律。研究结果可为该地区在各种生境条件下统一规划乔、灌、作物多层结构的种群格局提供依据和借鉴。     

硝酸盐对毛萼田菁茎瘤固氮的影响

ＫＮＯ３对毛萼田菁（Ｓｅｓｂａｎｉａｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ）茎瘤和根瘤固氮的抑制作用与瘤中积累，碳水化合物减少（特别是蔗糖）以及豆血红蛋白（ｌｇｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ，Ｌｂ）浓度减少和功能受阻相关．经ＫＮＯ３处理的植株的茎瘤类菌体的呼吸作用和固氮活性明显下降．从ＫＮＯ３处理的植株茎瘤中提取的类菌体悬液加上未经ＫＮＯ３处理的正常Ｌｂ可提高固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２；加５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＮＯ２于正常的茎瘤类菌体悬液和Ｌｂ反应体系，引起固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２都降低，证明是Ｌｂ功能受阻的重要因素．施ＫＮＯ３可能还导致茎瘤Ｏ２扩散的阻力增加．     

城市化与生态环境耦合协调度评价研究——以济南市为例

以济南市为研究区域,利用2006年-2015年的统计数据,建立城市化与生态环境协调度评价指标体系,对济南市城市化与生态环境耦合协调关系进行分析与评价。结果表明:2006年-2015年期间,济南市城市化与生态环境耦合度处于拮抗阶段;2006年-2008年期间,城市化与生态环境耦合协调度处于严重不协调阶段,2009年-2015年期间,城市化与生态环境耦合协调度处于基本不协调阶段。正确认识城市化与区域生态环境耦合协调度特征,采取恰当的城市发展战略,改善生态环境,对区域可持续发展具有重要意义。     

某石油化工企业橡胶生产装置职业病危害现状评价

采用职业卫生调查法、检测检验法、工程分析法对某石油化工企业橡胶生产装置工作场所职业病危害因素进行识别、分析和评价,确定了职业病危害关键控制点,对企业的职业卫生管理提出了建议。     

Chemical characteristics of fine particles and their impact on visibility impairment in Shanghai based on a 1-year period observation

In this work, a one-year observation focusing on high time resolution characteristics of components in fine particles was conducted at an urban site in Shanghai. Contributions of different components on visibility impairment were also studied. Our research indicates that the major components of PM_2.5 in Shanghai are water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosol, accounting for about 60% and 30% respectively. Higher concentrations of sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and organic carbon (OC) in PM_2.5 occurred in fall and summer, while higher concentrations of nitrate (NO₃⁻) were observed in winter and spring. The mass concentrations of Cl⁻ and K⁺ were higher in winter. Moreover, NO₃⁻ increased significantly during PM_2.5 pollution episodes. The high values observed for the sulfate oxidizing rate (SOR), nitrate oxidizing rate (NOR) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) in OC indicate that photochemical reactions were quite active in Shanghai. The IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) formula was used in this study to investigate the contributions of individual PM_2.5 chemical components to the light extinction efficient in Shanghai. Both NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ had close relationships with visibility impairment in Shanghai. Our results show that the reduction of anthropogenic SO₂, NO_x and NH₃ would have a significant effect on the improvement of air quality and visibility in Shanghai.