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31.
Toyoshi Yoshiga Yuji Ishikawa Ryusei Tanaka Mantaro Hironaka Etsuko Okumura 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(2):205-208
Caenorhabditis japonica is a bacteriophagous nematode species that was discovered on the semi-social burrower bug, Parastrachia japonensis, which demonstrates egg-guarding and provisioning behaviors. To understand the life history of C. japonica in relation to P. japonensis, we demonstrated the specificity of this association and fluctuations in nematode number on the insect throughout the year. C. japonica dauer larvae (DL), larvae in a nonfeeding diapause stage, were predominantly found as clumps on the adult female insects but rarely found on the male insects in all populations examined. This female-biased association was consistent throughout the year, but after the nymphs hatched, nematodes were not detected on the mother insects showing provisioning behavior. DL appeared on the nymphs, and the number of DL on the newly emerged female insects gradually increased thereafter. C. japonica has never been detected on other invertebrates collected from the P. japonensis habitat thus far. Our data suggest that the life cycles of C. japonica and P. japonensis are synchronized. 相似文献
32.
Xi Zhang Kai Zhang Huiping Liu Wenli Lv Masahide Aikawa Bing Liu Jinhe Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):91-98
To investigate the secondary formation and pollution sources of atmospheric particles in urban Beijing,PM2.5 and its chemical components were collected and determined by URG-9000 D ambient ion monitor(AIM) from March 2016 to January 2017.Among water-soluble ions(WSIs), NO3-,SO42- and NH4+(SNA) had the largest proportion(77.8%) with the total concentration of 23.8 μg/m3.Moreover,as fine particle pollution wors... 相似文献
33.
Hidetaka Takigami Go Suzuki Yasuhiro Hirai Yukari Ishikawa Masakiyo Sunami Shin-ichi Sakai 《Environment international》2009,35(4):688-693
Occurrence of flame retardants (FRs) in the indoor environment of highly flame-retarded public facilities is an important concern from the viewpoint of exposure because it is likely that FRs are used to a greater degree in these facilities than in homes. For this study, brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) and organophosphate flame-retardants and plasticizers (OPs), and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/DFs) were measured in eight floor dust samples taken from a Japanese commercial hotel that was assumed to have many flame-retardant materials. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) varied by about two orders of magnitude, from 9.8–1700 ng/g (median of 1200 ng/g) and from 72–1300 ng/g (median of 740 ng/g), respectively. Concentrations of the two types of BFRs described above were most dominant among the investigated BFRs in the dust samples. It is inferred that BFR and PBDD/DF concentrations are on the same level as those in house and office dust samples reported based on past studies. Regarding concentrations of 11 OPs, 7 OPs were detected on the order of micrograms per gram, which are equivalent to or exceed the BFR concentrations such as PBDEs and HBCDs. Concentrations of the investigated compounds were not uniform among dust samples collected throughout the hotel: concentrations differed among floors, suggesting that localization of source products is associated with FR concentrations in dust. Passive air sampling was also conducted to monitor BFRs in the indoor air of hotel rooms: the performance of an air cleaner placed in the room was evaluated in terms of reducing airborne BFR concentrations. Monitoring results suggest that operation of an appropriate air cleaner can reduce both gaseous and particulate BFRs in indoor air. 相似文献
34.
Kávási N Vigh T Kovács T Vaupotič J Jobbágy V Ishikawa T Yonehara H 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(9):806-812
One of the essential parameters influencing of the dose conversion factor is the ratio of unattached short-lived radon progeny. This may differ from the value identified for indoor conditions when considering special workplaces such as mines. Inevitably, application of the dose conversion factors used in surface workplaces considerably reduces the reliability of dose estimation in the case of mines.This paper surveyed the concentration of radon and its short-lived radon progeny and identified the unattached fraction of short-lived radon progeny. As well equilibrium factor during the month of August was calculated simultaneously at two extraction faces in a manganese ore mine.During working hours the average radon concentrations were 220 Bq m−3 and 530 Bq m−3 at Faces 1 and 2; the average short-lived progeny concentration was 90 Bq m−3 and 190 Bq m−3, the average equilibrium factors were 0.46 and 0.36, and the average unattached fractions were 0.21 and 0.17, respectively. The calculated dose conversion factor was between 9 and 27 mSv WLM−1, but higher values could also be possible. 相似文献
35.
In this study, a new method for calculating total PCB and toxic equivalents (TEQ) of coplanar PCB (Co-PCB) was proposed, called the 'PCB dual method'. This method analysed various kinds of technical PCB, samples contaminated by technical PCB and byproduct PCB. In the PCB dual method, a data set of 15 indicator congeners was utilized for the calculations, having IUPAC nos. #3, #8, #28, #52, #77, #101, #105, #118, #126, #138, #153, #180, #194, #206 and #209. The 15 congener set was chosen from the major congeners, determined by HRGC/HRMS analysis, in 18 technical PCB, Kanechlor, Aroclor, Clophen and Chlorofen, and 20 other samples, such as indoor air, flue gases, emission gases, municipal solid waste (MSW), ash and sealant. To obtain total PCB and TEQ of Co-PCB, the intermediate sum for the concentration of the 15 congeners was multiplied by each multiplication factor. As a result, we obtained the average factor used to calculate total PCB in technical PCB and other samples. For technical PCB, the factor was 3.01, while for indoor air samples, flue and emission gases, MSW, ash and sealants, the factors were 3.92, 4.16, 3.68, 4.52 and 4.77, respectively. Moreover, the factor used to calculate the TEQ of Co-PCB in Kanechlor and other source samples were also obtained. The factors for Kanechlor, indoor air samples and emission gases from a cement plant were in the order of 10(-5), while the factor for flue gases in a MSW incinerator was in the order of 10(-3). These data were valuable for the rough estimation of the TEQ of Co-PCB without separation from other PCB before individual measurements. 相似文献
36.
37.
Chlordane compounds (CHLs) were quantitated in krill (Euphausia superba), benthic fish (Trematomus bernacchii) and Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) collected around the Japanese Antarctic Research Station (Syowa Station: 69°00'S, 39°35'E). The concentrations of ZCHL (cis‐, trans‐chlordane+ cis‐, fraws‐nonachlor + oxych‐lordane) in krill was much lower than that of benthic fish. The ratio of SCHL to sum of SCHL, SDDT and PCBs decreased with the trophic levels. These results indicate that CHLs appear to be easily degraded in higher organisms. 相似文献
38.
Enrichment of natural radionuclides of thorium, radium and beryllium in several kinds of marine organisms was investigated near the Pacific coast of Miyagi Pref., Japan. The radioactivity of 7Be, 210Pb, 234Th, 238U, 228Ra and 137Cs was measured using gamma spectrometry. High concentrations of 234Th were observed in ascidian livers (50-400 Bq/kg dry) and excrement (2000-2900 Bq/kg dry), although the parent 238U concentrations were less than 3 Bq/kg dry. Such extreme disequilibrium between 238U and 234Th activity was observed in other organisms (barnacles, mussels and brown algae). Relatively high concentrations of 228Ra were detected in ascidian livers and were observed to decrease according to its half-life (5.75 year), suggesting disequilibrium with its parent 232Th. High concentrations (about 1900-5000 Bq/kg dry) of 7Be were detected in ascidian liver. Possible mechanisms for the observed biomagnification and bioaccumulation of these radionuclides in the organisms analyzed were proposed. 相似文献
39.
Masahide Aikawa Toshimasa Ohara Takatoshi Hiraki Okihiro Oishi Akihiro Tsuji Makiko Yamagami Kentaro Murano Hitoshi Mukai 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(3):381-391
We found a significant geographic gradient (longitudinal and latitudinal) in the sulfate (SO42?) concentrations measured at multiple sites over the East Asian Pacific Rim region. Furthermore, the observed gradient was well reproduced by a regional chemical transport model. The observed and modeled SO42? concentrations were higher at the sites closer to the Asian continent. The concentrations of SO42? from China as calculated by the model also showed the fundamental features of the longitudinal/latitudinal gradient. The proportional contribution of Chinese SO42? to the total in Japan throughout the year was above 50–70% in the control case, using data for Chinese sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission from the Regional Emission Inventory in Asia (40–60% in the low Chinese emissions case, using Chinese SO2 emissions data from the State Environmental Protection Administration of China), with a winter maximum of approximately 65–80%, although the actual concentrations of SO42? from China were highest in summer. The multiple-site measurements and the model analysis strongly suggest that the SO42? concentrations in Japan were influenced by the outflow from the Asian continent, and this influence was greatest in the areas closer to the Asian continent. In contrast, we found no longitudinal/latitudinal gradient in SO2 concentrations; instead SO2 concentrations were significantly correlated with local SO2 emissions. Our results show that large amounts of particulate sulfate are transported over long distances from the East Asian Pacific Rim region, and consequently the SO42? concentrations in Japan are controlled by the transboundary outflow from the Asian continent. 相似文献
40.
Motivation of Japanese companies to take environmental action to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions: an econometric analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To analyze the motivations of Japanese companies to take environmental actions to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
we used FY2006 research data and questioned Japanese industries regarding their reduction of GHG emissions. Empirical investigations
revealed that voluntary targets set by industry organizations, government requirements, and advance responses to possible
future regulations can positively influence environmental actions for GHG emission reduction; however, cost reductions and
corporate social responsibility fulfillment cannot.
相似文献
Seiji IkkataiEmail: |