外生菌根真菌接种和施磷对油松苗抗盐性的影响

采用3种不同的外生菌根真菌Boletus edulis、Xerocomus chrysenteron和Gomphidius viscidus，在山东东营盐渍土环境胁迫下，研究外生菌根真菌接种和施磷对油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)生长的影响及其可能机理。结果表明，接种和施磷都增加了油松植株的干质量，但施磷不如接种对植物生长的促进作用明显；接种外生菌根后，油松体内的K元素含量显著增加，而Na元素的含量没有明显变化，使得w(K)／w(Na)增加，从而改变了植株体内的离子平衡，减轻离子的毒害作用。而不是通过直接减少植物对Na的吸收来增加植物的抗盐性；同时，接种后外生菌根增加了油松对P的吸收，改善了盐渍土壤导致的植物营养亏缺，促进了植物在盐渍环境下的生长。     

城市污水厌氧处理技术研究进展

通过介绍厌氧处理技术在城市污水处理中的现状及研究焦点,论述了以微生物固定化和提高污泥与污水混合效率为基础的一系列高速厌氧反应器的特点,分别阐述了升流式厌氧污泥床、折流式厌氧反应器、内循环厌氧反应器及颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器的研究进展,提出高效率的厌氧处理系统应满足的条件,并与好氧处理技术作了对比,综述了新型反应器的研制及其组合工艺的应用在废水处理领域所发挥的重要作用.     

膜生物反应器在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

介绍了膜生物反应器 (MBR)在高浓度有机废水中的应用。实验结果表明 ,系统对COD、氨氮的去除率较高 ,但出水浓度仍然较高 ,出水几乎监测不到SS。另外 ,膜的通量下降很快 ,维持在较低的水平。     

农田土壤中的磷向水体释放的风险评价

通过对比土壤的固磷能力和磷素水平可以评估不同类型土壤中的磷向水体释放的风险。研究表明，磷吸持指数（SI）可以作为土壤最大吸磷量的替代指标来表征土壤的固磷能力。在太湖地区，影响水土界面磷素迁移能力的主要因素是土壤有效磷水平和土壤固磷能力。SI值30左右为一临界值，SI大于此值的土壤对于施磷具有较大的缓冲能力，而SI低于此值的土壤对施磷非常敏感，磷流失风险将随施磷量的增加而呈直线上升趋势。     

郑州大气氮氧化物污染与灰色分析

通过对郑州市大气中NOx的监测和分析，初步揭示了NOx变化的规律。同时，运用灰色关联度分析，定量地分析了影响郑州市NOx变化的因素。并建立了该市的NOx产生量的GM（1，1）预测模型。结果表明：（1）影响NOx污染的主要因子是家庭用气普及率；（2）NOx在大气中的浓度呈逐年下降的趋势，2002年预测值为0.043mg/m^3。     

现代卷烟行业清洁生产审核

现代卷烟行业工艺技术成熟、自动化水平高,形成了产污较少、能耗高的行业特点。在对某卷烟厂进行的清洁生产审核中,针对行业特点,结合企业自身情况,提出并实施无、低费方案11项,中、高费方案6项。改善了车间环境,每年可节水约6万t,节电约20万kW·h,节约蒸汽约400t,减少废水排放约8万m3,节约资金514余万元,取得了良好的效益。     

An analytical solution for vertical transport of volatile chemicals in the vadose zone

An analytical solution is presented for one-dimensional vertical transport of volatile chemicals through the vadose zone to groundwater. The solution accounts for the important transport mechanisms of the steady advection of water and gas, diffusion and dispersion in water and gas, as well as adsorption, and first-order degradation. By assuming a linear, equilibrium partitioning between water, gas and the adsorbed chemical phases, the dependent variable in the mathematical model becomes the total resident concentration. The general solution was derived for cases having a constant initial total concentration over a discrete depth interval and a zero initial total concentration elsewhere. A zero concentration gradient is assumed at the groundwater table. Examples are given to demonstrate the application of the new solution for calculating the case of a non-uniform initial source concentration, and estimating the transport of chemicals to the groundwater and the atmosphere. The solution was also used to verify a numerical code called VLEACH. We discovered an error in VLEACH, and found that the new solution agreed very well with the numerical results by corrected VLEACH. A simplified solution to predict the migration of volatile organic chemical due to the gas density effect has shown that a high source concentration may lead to significant downward advective gas-phase transport in a soil with a high air-permeability.     

Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of aniline compounds from aqueous phase onto bifunctional polymeric adsorbent with sulfonic groups

In the present study, a hydrophilic bifunctional polymeric resin (LS-2) with sulfonic groups was synthesized, and the adsorption performance of three aniline compounds, aniline, 4-methylaniline, and 4-nitroaniline onto LS-2 was compared with that on the commercial Amberlite XAD-4. The uptake of the aniline compounds on LS-2 is a procedure of coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption and obeys the pseudo-second order rate equation, while the uptake of the compounds on XAD-4 is merely a physical adsorption and follows the pseudo-first order rate equation. All the isothermal data fit well with the Freundlich model, and the values of K(F) of the compounds adsorbing on LS-2 are much higher than those on XAD-4 suggesting the higher adsorbing capacities on LS-2 than those on XAD-4, which may be attributed to the microporous structure and the polar groups on the network of LS-2 resin. Dynamic adsorption and desorption studies for aniline on LS-2 show that the breakthrough adsorption capacity and the total adsorption capacity are 0.96 and 1.24 mmol per milliliter resin, respectively. Nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for the adsorbent was achieved by 5% hydrochloric acid.     

Decolorizing of lignin wastewater using the photochemical UV/TiO2 process

Studies on applying the photochemical UV/TiO2 oxidation process to treat the lignin-containing wastewater for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), color and reducing A254 (the absorption at the wavelength of 254 nm) have been carried out. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that the UV/TiO2 process is effective in oxidizing the lignin thus reducing the color and DOC of the wastewater treated. The combined UV/TiO2 treatment can achieve better removal of DOC and color than the UV treatment alone. Color removal, based on American Dye Manufacture Index (ADMI) measurement, is greater than 99% if the pH is maintained at 3.0 with the addition of 1 g l(-1) TiO2. When 10 g l(-1) TiO2 is applied, the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value is reached to result in an 88% removal of both DOC and color. A model was developed based on the variation of ORP during the photochemical reaction to simulate the decoloring process. The proposed model can be used to predict the color removal efficiency of the UV/TiO2 process.     

活性炭-双氧水催化氧化法深度处理DSD酸废水的研究

以活性炭为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂的催化氧化技术来处理DSD酸母液树脂吸附出水。处理效果比单纯的活性炭吸附或H2O2氧化要好的多。在温度25℃，线速度0．10m／h，pH3．50，H2O2添加量0．35％，处理500mL水样后，脱色率达到90%以上，TOC去除率达到40．0％以上。