Polystyrene nanoplastics affect growth and microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa

Nanoplastics are widely distributed in freshwater environments, but few studies have addressed their effects on freshwater algae, especially on harmful algae. In this study, the effects of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) growth, as well as microcystin (MC) production and release, were investigated over the whole growth period. The results show that PS nanoplastics caused a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on M. aeruginosa growth and a dose-dependent increase in the aggregation rate peaking at 60.16% and 46.34%, respectively, when the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L. This caused significant growth of M. aeruginosa with a specific growth rate up to 0.41 d^?1 (50 mg/L PS nanoplastics). After a brief period of rapid growth, the tested algal cells steadily grew. In addition, the increase in PS nanoplastics concentration promoted the production and release of MC. When the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L, the content of the intracellular (intra-) and extracellular (extra-) MC increased to 199.1 and 166.5 μg/L, respectively, on day 26, which was 31.4% and 31.1% higher, respectively, than the control. Our results provide insights into the action mechanism of nanoplastics on harmful algae and the potential risks to freshwater environments.

     

Exploring the spatial-temporal variations and policy-based driving force behind groundwater contamination and remediation research in past decades

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater has been recognized as one of the most critical and vulnerable natural sources which is utilized in potable water supply, agricultural...     

Urban carbon emission intensity under emission trading system in a developing economy: evidence from 273 Chinese cities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The international community has generally recognized the key role of developing countries’ cities in reducing carbon emissions, an elemental way...     

Facile in situ synthesis of silver nanocomposites based on cellulosic paper for photocatalytic applications

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, various photocatalysts were synthesized with an impregnation-precipitation process to in situ decorate Ag-based nanoparticles (NPs,...     

制革废水和印染废水的综合毒性评估及鉴别

研究采用成组生物毒性试验(发光菌急性毒性、斑马鱼幼鱼急性毒性,斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性和小球藻急性毒性),结合理化指标,通过毒性单位、平均毒性(average toxicity,Av Tx)、毒性指数(toxic print,Tx Pr)、最敏感的测试(most sensitive test,MST)和潜在毒性效应指数(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)对不同工艺阶段印染及制革废水进行毒性削减评估.结果表明PEEP能兼顾废水排放量与毒性效应,更为客观地表征了废水综合毒性,PEEP评价结果显示制革废水和印染废水的毒性削减率分别达到36.8%和23.2%.最后,以发光菌作为受试生物,采用毒性鉴别评估(toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)技术,对印染废水进行毒性鉴别.结果表明,印染废水中主要的致毒物质为非极性有机污染,其次为可滤性化合物,然后是重金属、氧化性物质以及挥发性物质.     

沈阳一次严重污染天气过程持续和增强气象条件分析

2015年11月7-9日沈阳出现罕见的持续严重污染天气,采用环流形势、地面常规气象观测、污染物浓度观测、风廓线雷达及雨滴谱资料等,对此次污染成因进行了研究.结果表明:在此次严重污染天气过程中,连续22 h AQI≥500,首要污染物均为PM_2.5,其异常峰值最高达到1308μg/m3;ρ（PM_2.5）与ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（NO₂）和ρ（CO）的相关系数分别达到0.996、0.602、0.891,并且ρ（PM_2.5）与ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（CO）的正相关性更为显著;在污染的同时出现了降水,11月7和8日的日降水量分别为9.9和2.3 mm,但降水对污染物的稀释和清除作用并不明显.稳定的大尺度环流和对流层内中低层大气层结持续稳定、连续4个时次的探空曲线显示925~850 hPa之间存在多个逆温层（逆温强度最大可达5℃）、相对湿度较大（日均相对湿度在75%以上）,是此次严重污染天气持续的有利气象条件.风廓线雷达探测的整层大气垂直速度很小,多介于-1~1 m/s之间,并且近地面2 m/s以下弱下沉的垂直速度为严重污染天气过程提供了较好的动力条件.此外,近地面风力可达3~4级,有利于上游污染物的水平输送.研究显示,此次严重污染天气过程还与外围秸秆集中燃烧所导致的大量污染物长距离输送有密切关联.      

香溪河沉积物-水界面的营养盐交换特征

为研究香溪河库湾沉积物-水界面的营养盐交换特征,于2016年6月采集香溪河库湾上覆水和沉积物间隙水样品,分析不同形态氮、磷的空间分布特征并进行相关性分析,计算沉积物-水界面氮、磷的释放通量.结果表明:香溪河库湾上覆水和沉积物间隙水中ρ（TP）的变化范围分别为0.484~0.927和0.511~2.220 mg/L,ρ（TN）的变化范围分别为0.739~4.302和3.571~14.011 mg/L;上覆水和沉积物间隙水中氮、磷质量浓度在沿程和垂向上具有一定的变化规律,上游区域沉积物间隙水中氮、磷质量浓度大于下游区域,沉积物间隙水中氮、磷质量浓度明显大于上覆水;香溪河沉积物总体上表现为PO₄3--P和NH₄+-N的"源",中下游区域沉积物表现为NO₃--N的"源",而中上游区域表现为NO₃--N的"汇";PO₄3--P的释放通量范围为0.129~0.339 mg/（m2·d）,NH₄+-N的释放通量范围为0.213~1.415 mg/（m2·d）,NO₃--N的释放通量范围为-1.109~3.446 mg/（m2·d）.研究显示,上覆水的环境条件对于沉积物-水界面营养盐交换存在一定的影响,但影响程度各有不同.      

Effect of lubricant sulfur on the morphology and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particles

This work investigates the effects of lubricant sulfur contents on the morphology, nanostructure, size distribution and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particle on a light-duty diesel engine. Three kinds of lubricant (LS-oil, MS-oil and HS-oil, all of which have different sulfur contents: 0.182%, 0.583% and 1.06%, respectively) were used in this study. The morphologies and nanostructures of exhaust particles were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size distributions of primary particles were determined through advanced image-processing software. Elemental compositions of exhaust particles were obtained through X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that as lubricant sulfur contents increase, the macroscopic structure of diesel exhaust particles turn from chain-like to a more complex agglomerate. The inner cores of the core-shell structure belonging to these primary particles change little; the shell thickness decreases, and the spacing of carbon layer gradually descends, and amorphous materials that attached onto outer carbon layer of primary particles increase. Size distributions of primary particles present a unimodal and normal distribution, and higher sulfur contents lead to larger size primary particles. The sulfur content in lubricants directly affects the chemical composition in the particles. The content of C (carbon) decreases as sulfur increases in the lubricants, while the contents of O (oxygen), S (sulfur) and trace elements (including S, Si (silicon), Fe (ferrum), P (phosphorus), Ca (calcium), Zn (zinc), Mg (magnesium), Cl (chlorine) and Ni (nickel)) all increase in particles.     

岩溶地区隧道施工对水环境影响评价指标体系的建立

随着人们环保意识的不断提高,交通隧道施工期对周边水环境的影响也日益受到关注。针对岩溶地区隧道的施工特点建立了隧道施工期对水环境影响的评价指标体系。该体系研究了施工中含污废水排放对地表水体污染以及地下水疏排给隧道周边水资源流失两方面进行评价;指标体系各层指标数量随施工进展与现场情况变化进行增减,以满足施工期不断变化情况对水环境影响大小的准确评估;该指标体系充分考虑到"木桶理论"的原理,明确施工过程中对水环境影响最严重环节,有助于及时采取保护措施。     

On the effect of Fe(III) on proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa at high nitrate and low chlorophyll condition

The impact of Fe concentrations on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa in aquatic systems under high nitrate and low chlorophyll conditions was studied. The responses of cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a intracellular Fe content and organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa to different concentration gradients of Fe(III) in the solutions were analysed. The results showed that the proliferation speeds of M. aeruginosa were: (1) decelerated when the Fe(III) concentration was lower than 50 μg/L in the solutions, (2) promoted and positively related to the increase of Fe(III) concentration from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions over the experimental period, and (3) promoted in the early stage but decelerated in later stages by excess adsorption of Fe by cells when the Fe(III) concentration was higher than 500 μg/L in the solutions. The maximum cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a were all observed at 500 μg Fe(III)/L concentration. The organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa was also affected by the concentration of Fe(III) in the solutions, and the molecular formula of M. aeruginosa should be expressed as C_7–7.5H₁₄O_0.8–1.3N_3.5–5 according to the functions for different Fe(III) concentrations. Cell carbon and oxygen content appeared to increase slightly, while cell nitrogen content appeared to decrease as Fe(III) concentrations increased from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions. This was attributed to the competition of photosynthesis and nitrogen adsorption under varying cell Fe content.