Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

长江经济带国土空间开发利用问题与对策研究

以长江经济带国土空间开发利用问题为研究对象,采用统计分析等方法,系统分析了长江经济带国土开发利用面临的资源环境限制性约束趋紧、国土空间结构性矛盾突出、开发利用效率不高、空间功能下降等问题。提出了优化长江经济带发展国土开发利用,必须从中华民族长远利益考虑,以构建国土空间集聚开发格局和分类保护格局的国土空间蓝图为目标,以承载力为基础优化国土空间开发格局,以分类保护和综合整治增强国土功能,以节约集约提升国土利用效益,以区域统筹协调区域土地利用,实现建设集约高效、生态良好、协调发展的国土构想。     

广州市区植物叶片重金属元素含量及其大气污染评价

文章通过对广州市区植物叶片中重金属元素含量的分析,研究了植物大气环境污染指数,探讨了植物叶片重金属元素含量与城市大气环境污染之间的关系。结果表明,植物叶片中Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr元素污染都较严重,在重污染区这些元素的含量明显高于清洁对照区;用植物污染指数可以综合评价大气环境质量状况;利用植物叶片内的重金属含量变化,为大气污染生物监测和环境质量评价提供了科学依据。     

二氯苯在土壤中的迁移行为和生物降解

主要从挥发、吸附与解吸、渗滤三个方面介绍了二氯苯在土壤中的迁移行为以及生物降解过程。探讨了二氯苯的物化性质、三种同分异构体的构型、土壤特性、外界环境条件等因素对二氯苯迁移行为的影响,以及迁移行为与生物降解的相互关系;同时介绍了可降解二氯苯的微生物种类、二氯苯好氧生物降解机理、共代谢现象,以及实验室研究方法。这些研究对于受二氯苯污染的土壤的修复具有理论指导意义。     

Photocatalytic oxidation of heptane in the gas-phase over TiO2.

In this paper, gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of heptane over UV-illuminated TiO2 was carried out at ambient temperature in a batch reactor. Complete oxidation of heptane with almost stoichiometric production of CO2 and H2O was observed. The intermediates detected were propanal, butanal, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone and carbon monoxide. A scheme of the possible mechanism for PCO of heptane over TiO2 was suggested. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics equation was obtained from the results at different initial concentrations of heptane, oxygen, moisture and light intensity. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be sustained indefinitely. This can be attributed to the production of water in the system, which can replenish the consumed hydroxyl radicals.     

污染土壤毒性研究方法进展

综述了国内外有关污染土壤毒性研究方法 ,包括传统的方法如植物法、动物法和微生物法等和生态毒理学方法 ,并从生物、非生物和环境等方面论述了影响土壤毒性的因素 ,提出了当前土壤污染毒性研究方法中存在的问题 ,认为随着环境科学技术的发展 ,污染土壤毒性研究方法在环境保护中必将发挥越来越重要的作用     

Comparative study of extraction methods for the determination of PAHs from contaminated soils and sediments

The following four methods were compared on the extraction efficiency of 16 EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): German method of the Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs und Forschungsanstalten (VDLUFA), two methods of the International Organization for Standardization using shaking (ISO A) and Soxhlet extraction (ISO B) and an ultrasonic method. Recovery rates of 16 PAHs were determined in two soils. Extraction efficiency was evaluated in five soils and three sediments. Effect of drying soils and sediments on extraction efficiency was tested using the VDLUFA and the ultrasonic methods. Our study shows that the number of aromatic rings, rather than extraction procedures, significantly influenced recovery rates of individual PAHs. No significant differences in extraction efficiency of the four methods were observed for less polluted samples. For highly polluted soils, extraction efficiency decreased in the following order: VDLUFA method > ISO A > ultrasonic method > ISO B. Influence of soil moisture on extraction efficiency depended to some extent on both solvent used and content of PAHs in samples. A mixture of dichloromethane/acetone (5:1) is recommended for PAH extraction from moist samples when the ultrasonic method is used.     

团花锦蛇、绿锦蛇和三索锦蛇的核型及Ag-NORs

报道了锦蛇属团花锦蛇（Ｅ．ｄａｖｉｄｉ）、绿锦蛇（Ｅ．ｐｒｖｓｉｎａ）和三索锦蛇（Ｅ．ｒａｄｉａｔａ）３个种的核型和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ,团花锦蛇的型２ｎ＝３６（８Ｖ＋６ｓＶ＋２Ｉ＋２０Ｍ）,绿锦蛇的核型２ｎ＝３６（７Ｖ＋７ｓＶ＋２Ｉ＋２０ｍ）,三索锦蛇的核型２ｎ＝４０（６Ｖ＋３ｓＶ＋２ｓＩ＋５Ｉ＋２４ｍ）;①团花锦蛇和绿锦蛇的染色体数目和结构与此属大多数咱的相似,;②此种为雄性,未见染色体异型。③Ａｇ     

巢湖蓝藻酸提取液提高玉米秸秆的酶解效率

资源化利用是避免富营养化水体打捞得到的蓝藻二次污染的有效方法途径。本研究以巢湖蓝藻为例,利用稀硫酸处理得到酸提取液并将其用于玉米秸秆的酶解过程。以主要成分还原糖和蛋白质的提取量为目标,优化了稀硫酸处理条件(处理时间、温度和硫酸浓度)。结果表明,从巢湖蓝藻提取还原糖的效率随着处理温度和硫酸浓度的升高而升高。在处理温度为125℃,处理时间为2 h,稀硫酸浓度为5%时,提取的还原糖最多为(152.8±12.6)mg/g。稀硫酸处理条件对蛋白质的提取效果影响并不显著。在处理温度为105℃,处理时间为1 h,稀硫酸浓度为5%时,最大提取量为(1.55±0.00)mg/g。提取的藻液中和后可以用于玉米秸秆的酶解过程,同对照相比酶解效率能够提升10%左右。结果表明,藻液中的小分子物质和钙离子是主要的作用组分,推测其和木质素表面官能团结合,从而降低了木质素对纤维素酶的非再生吸附。