地质高背景区外源污染叠加条件下大白菜对Cd、Pb、Zn累积途径探究

黔西北是喀斯特重金属地质高背景区,受历史上土法炼锌影响,区域内大气降尘重金属含量高,土壤污染严重.为探究叶菜类蔬菜重金属的累积途径,以大白菜为供试作物,选择Cd、 Pb和Zn含量一致的地质高背景土壤和锌冶炼污染土壤,在锌粉厂污染区和无污染对照区进行盆栽试验,研究露天、覆膜和大棚栽培条件下大白菜重金属含量、富集系数(BCF)和转运系数(TF).结果表明,污染区和对照区大白菜ω(Cd)范围分别在0.10～1.01 mg·kg^-1和0.10～0.91 mg·kg^-1,ω(Pb)为0.31～0.62 mg·kg^-1和0.23～0.37 mg·kg^-1,ω(Zn)为7.50～32.74 mg·kg^-1和4.88～21.79 mg·kg^-1,总体上污染区重金属含量偏高,在地质高背景土壤上种植的大白菜,Cd和Pb基本达到国家食品安全标准限值的要求.受大气沉降的影响,污染区大白菜Pb和Zn含量显著高于对照区,Cd差异不明显.污染土壤弱酸溶态Cd、 Pb和Zn占比分别为48...     

基于菌藻对比培养方法的洱海沉积物溶解性有机氮生物有效性评价

为了深入探究DON（溶解性有机氮）在湖泊水生生态系统中的重要营养作用和生态效应,寻找科学的DON生物有效性评价方法,选择洱海不同湖区表层沉积物样品,通过室内接种细菌和铜绿微囊藻进行对比培养,运用三维荧光-平行医疗法（3D EEM-PARAFAC）研究菌藻对比培养条件下湖泊沉积物DON生物有效性及各DON荧光组分生物有效性差异.结果表明:① 藻类培养条件下洱海表层沉积物DON生物有效性（8.49%~42.5%）略低于细菌培养条件下的生物有效性（10.5%~45.3%）. ② 藻培养条件下,DON生物利用率与藻细胞密度增长量呈显著正相关,即藻细胞密度的增长量可作为反映沉积物DON生物有效性的指标. ③ 菌类培养过程中DON光谱学特征参数[如SUVA₂₅₄（254 nm处紫外吸收光谱系数）、S_R（275~295 nm处吸收光谱系数与350~400 nm处吸收光谱系数比值）等]与DON含量相关性总体较细菌培养好;培养液中SUVA₂₅₄有不同程度下降,S_R指数均有上升,大分子DON和高芳香性DON可被微生物降解.相比于陆源荧光组分,内源荧光组分的生物有效性较差. ④ 相比而言,藻类培养方法能更直观地反映沉积物DON对藻类生长的影响,可在一定程度上作为衡量湖泊沉积物DON生物有效性的指标,即藻类培养方法更适合评价洱海沉积物DON生物有效性.      

辽河口秋季有色溶解有机物的光谱特征研究

研究辽河口2013年秋季有色溶解有机物（CDOM）的吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱特征。采用PARAFAC分析得到两种类腐殖质组分C2[235（310）nm/390 nm]和C3[230（265、360）nm/445 nm],以及两种类蛋白质组分C1[225（280）nm/330 nm]和C4（250 nm/305 nm）。在河口混合过程中,两种类腐殖质组分呈保守行为,两种类蛋白质组分呈不保守行为;CDOM吸收系数a（355）结果表明,研究区域CDOM含量总体上由河到海逐渐降低,陆源径流输入是CDOM的主要来源。a（355）与类腐殖质组分的显著正相关关系表明,类腐殖质荧光团与CDOM发色团之间在来源和结构上存在紧密的联系。     

淮北市采煤塌陷区土壤养分状况

研究了淮北市采煤塌陷区内湿地(南湖湿地、东湖湿地)、园林绿地、耕地3种土地利用类型土壤的养分含量情况.结果显示:湿地中受人为干扰强烈的南湖湿地土壤全氮量为1.128g/kg,显著高于园林绿地,与人为干扰弱的东湖湿地和耕地无显著差异;湿地有机质含量南湖为23.781 g/kg,东湖为11.250 g/kg,二者之间无差异...     

基于IMS微震监测系统的微震事件定位精度分析

微震监测系统对岩体发生非弹性变化造成的微震事件进行实时监测,能及时做出岩体的失稳预警,保证矿山的安全开采.根据东升庙铅锌矿的采空区的实际赋存情况,提出了布置9个检波器的监测方案,通过对该方案进行室内模拟,分别对Vert1和Vert2及其整体性进行定位精度分析,分析可知该方案是合理的.矿山构建IMS微震监测系统后,采用人工爆破定位的方法来确定该监测系统定位的准确性,通过对实测坐标和微震数据处理软件分析的坐标进行对比分析,可知该监测系统的精度是12m左右,能够实现矿山采空区的稳定性监测,满足矿山安全生产的要求.     

GANN模型在十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取中的应用

文章研究目的在于用遗传神经网络模型(GANN模型)快速优化水样中十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取的萃取条件。以水样中十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取的正交试验为训练样本,建立十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取条件的遗传神经网络模型。比较遗传神经网络模型和BP神经网络模型的学习速度、学习精度及网络泛化能力。采用Matlab遗传算法工具箱运用遗传神经网络模型对影响萃取回收率的因素进行优化求解,获得了水样中十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取优化后的萃取条件,并进行实验验证。文章建立的遗传神经网络模型得到的预测值与实验值平均偏差为14.41%,R2为0.8887;最佳DLLME萃取条件为10μL四氯乙烯、0.71mL丙酮、pH=5、离子强度为20%NaCl、萃取时间10min;优化后十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取的萃取回收率和富集因子比优化前分别提高了54%和580。     

改性活性炭纤维对含乙醇有机废气的吸附性能研究

文章研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对乙醇的吸附性能以及表面基团和形态对吸附性能的影响,并以提高活性炭纤维对乙醇的吸附性能为出发点,采用无机盐浸渍及二次热处理方法对ACF进行表面改性,改性前ACF对乙醇的吸附容量为376mg/g,经过无机盐浸渍并二次热处理改性的ACF对乙醇的吸附容量达到了516mg/g,穿透时间也由改性前的30min延长到了80min。结果表明,无机盐浸渍和二次热处理改变了ACF表面基团和形态,从而提高了ACF对乙醇的吸附性能。     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

采矿业污染河流底泥及河漫滩沉积物的粒径组成与砷形态分布特征

采用连续提取法分析了刁江底泥和河漫滩沉积物中砷的形态变化规律及其与沉积物粒径组成的关系.结果表明,刁江流域底泥和河漫滩沉积物中As含量分布存在差异,底泥中As主要赋存在63～170μm粒级颗粒中,河漫滩沉积物中As主要赋存在63μm粒级颗粒中.底泥和河漫滩沉积物中砷主要以铁合态、钙合态和残渣态的形式存在,且残渣态比例相对较高,表现出典型的尾砂污染特征.底泥中残渣态砷(Res-As)组成比例总体较高,主要赋存在63～170μm粒级颗粒中,而洪水水位河漫滩沉积物中Res-As组成比例相对较低,这与不同沉积物中硫化态砷的氧化反应差异有关.对于中下游河段,底泥和中水水位河漫滩沉积物中Res-As总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势,铁合态砷(Fe-As)组成比例的分布与Res-As呈相反的趋势.     

Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation

Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the e ects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three di erent types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%–4.9%, 2.2%–7.7%, 27.8%–72.2%, 17.1%–23.5%, 12.3%–34.2%, and 43.1%–131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9–11.6 times and 5.8–29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.