A signal-amplified whole-cell biosensor for sensitive detection of Hg2+ based on Hg2+-enhanced reporter module

A signal-amplified mercury sensing biosensor with desired sensitivity was developed through firstly using the GFP mutant with fluorescence increasing response towards Hg²⁺ as the reporter module. The developed biosensor showed response for Hg²⁺ in a relatively wide range of 1–10,000 nmol/L, and the detection limit was improved one or two orders of magnitude in comparison with most metal-sensing biosensors in similar constructs. In addition, the biosensor could distinguish Hg²⁺ easily from multiple metal ions and displayed strong adaptability to extensive pH conditions (pH 4.0–10.0). More importantly, the developed biosensor was able to provide an initial assessment of Hg²⁺ spiked in the environmental water with the recoveries between 85.70% and 112.50%. The signal-amplified strategy performed by the modified reporter module will be widely applicable to many other whole-cell biosensors, meeting the practical requirements with sufficient sensing performance.     

Fast transformation of roxarsone into toxic arsenic species with ferrous iron and tetrapolyphosphate

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Organoarsenic compounds have been widely used as feed additives in livestock and poultry breeding. They are excreted in manure and thus cause environmental...     

“2+26”城市PM2.5与气象因子的尺度依存关系及影响因素分析

基于"2+26"城市的PM_2.5浓度和气象数据，通过连续小波变换（CWT）和离散小波变换（DWT）分析PM_2.5时间序列的变化，利用小波相干（WTC）和多小波相干（MWC）量化PM_2.5与单个、多个气象因子在时频域中的响应关系，并结合偏小波相干（PWC）定量评估大气遥相关因子对响应关系的影响.结果表明：①"2+26"城市的PM_2.5浓度具有中间高、外围低的空间分布特征.PM_2.5突变事件主要发生于气象条件稳定的冬季，并且集中在2018年以前.256~512 d的年尺度周期特征较稳定，同时也是PM_2.5时间序列的主导周期.②PM_2.5与气象因子的相干性取决于时频尺度和变量组合.在所有时频尺度上，PM_2.5与相对湿度、温度的相干性较强；在小、中时频尺度上，PM_2.5与风速相干性较强；在大时频尺度上，PM_2.5与温度的相干性较强.降水、温度和相对湿度的组合可作为解释PM_2.5在所有时频尺度上变化的最佳变量组合.③时频尺度不同，大气遥相关因子对响应关系的增强/削弱作用不尽相同.在所有时频尺度上，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）对PM_2.5与降水、温度之间响应关系的影响较大，太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）对PM_2.5与相对湿度、风速之间响应关系的影响较大.结果可为区域大气污染治理提供参考.     

不同入口位置的行人进入流实验研究

为了研究行人进入流运动规律,寻找合理的入口位置,对不同入口位置(中间、右侧)进行了不同人数(10人、20人、30人、40人)的可控实验。分析了行人进入流的时间、速度和空间分布,并统计了空间分布影响因素——入口避让、边界吸引、分布角度和空间关系的规律。结果表明,入口位于中间的设计更好,进入时间和稳定时间较短,速度更快,空间分布更合理。这些影响因素的统计,也为行人进入流的模型建立提供了实验基础。     

区域差异下农业用水效率对农业用水量的影响

基于全国30个省份1998~2015年面板数据,采用Super-SBM模型测算农业用水效率,并在观察农业用水量、农业用水效率动静态演进特征的基础上,利用门槛面板回归模型探究农业用水效率对农业用水量的影响。结果表明,全国农业用水量和农业用水效率均呈阶段性下降。农业用水效率对降低农业用水量具有显著的门槛效应,提高农业用水效率是降低农业用水量的有效途径;东部农业用水效率促进农业用水量下降,但须警惕"回弹效应";中部农业用水效率抑制农业用水量增长,且作用逐渐增强;西部农业用水效率提高能够快速降低农业用水量,但作用逐渐减弱。另外,提升农民受教育水平、增加绿水足迹、扩大农业劳动人口能够降低农业用水量,而丰富的水资源禀赋促进农业用水量增加。     

Dissipation pattern and pre-harvest residue limit of abamectin in perilla leaves

The pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL) of abamectin (abamectin B1a and B1b) in Perilla frutescens leaves grown under greenhouse conditions were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile. The extract was purified through a solid phase extraction procedure. Then the purified extract was derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and N-methylimidazole to form a strong stable fluorescent derivative of abamectin. Finally, derivatized abamectins were conveyed to the detector via an Atlantis C₁₈ column, with water and methanol as a mobile phase. Calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges with coefficients of determinants r ²?≥?0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.0033 and 0.01 mg kg^?1 for abamectin B_1a and B_1b, respectively. Recovery was assessed in a control matrix at two different fortification concentrations, with three replicates for each concentration. Good recoveries were obtained for the target analytes and ranged from 82.11 to 93.03 %, with relative standard deviations of less than 8 %. The rate of disappearance of total abamectin on perilla leaves for recommended and double the recommended doses was described as first-order kinetics with a half-life of 0.7 days. Using the PHRL curve, we could predict the residue level of total abamectin to be 0.92 mg kg^?1 at 7 days before harvest or 0.26 mg kg^?1 at 4 days before harvest, which would be below the provisional MRL designed by the Korea Food and Drug Administration.     

尾矿库尾砂渗漏的反滤设计探讨

尾矿库在使用的过程中,由于设计或施工的不合理,有可能导致在坝底或坝外坡出现尾砂渗漏的情况,往往造成一定的环境污染.对尾矿库尾砂渗漏的反滤原理进行了总结,并运用这一原理对某尾矿库的尾砂渗漏问题进行了反滤分析及设计,取得了较好的应用效果.     

三峡水库水环境中内分泌干扰物TBT的多介质迁移和归趋模拟

运用环境多介质QWASI等量浓度模型模拟了三峡水库水环境中内分泌干扰物TBT在各环境介质中的浓度分布及迁移归趋,同时讨论了三峡水库运行方式对库区水环境中TBT环境行为的影响.结果表明,QWASI模型能够较为合理地给出各个物理化学过程的速率参数,可对TBT在三峡水库这种超大型河道型水库中跨介质间的迁移传输、各环境相分布等作出定性和定量的模拟估计,模型输出结果与实测结果较为吻合.研究表明,三峡水库的运行方式对TBT在库区水环境中沉积物和水相间的迁移转化有重要影响.     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数的中国区域生态效率研究

利用DEA和Malmquist生产率指数模型方法对中国30个省区的生态效率及其变化特征进行分析研究。结果显示,平均综合效率一般,各省区之间差异较为明显,只有少数省区达到了效率最优,东中部地区生态效率高于西部地区,呈现出与我国区域经济格局相似的特征。Malmquist指数分析结果表明,2006—2012年间生产率变化呈现出弱衰退的趋势。从影响因素来看,技术变化指数对生产率变化起着促进作用,而生产率的下降主要是受技术效率衰退的影响,技术效率下降主要是受纯技术效率下降所影响,规模效率变化对生产率变化和技术效率变化的影响相对较弱。