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981.
982.
重庆电厂炉前煤及飞灰中As元素在有机酸作用下的淋滤行为 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用模拟酸雨手段,突出有机酸对As元素的淋出作用。分别配置pH=4.47的硝酸、乙酸及硝酸与乙酸的混酸三种淋滤液,对重庆电厂炉前煤及飞灰中的As元素进行40h的淋滤实验,以探讨有机酸淋滤条件下As元素的淋出行为。结果表明:有机酸淋滤液对炉前煤及飞灰中的As元素具有较强的淋出作用,有机酸中H^+的缓冲释放作用是导致As元素较强淋出率的主要因素。 相似文献
983.
984.
Jinbo Xiong Chaohua Wang Zhiyuan Yao Pingping Zhan Xianghua Yi Jiong Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):429-439
Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis. 相似文献
985.
986.
浑河(抚顺段)水质粪大肠菌群污染现状研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,随着城市垃圾、生活污水、工业废水、人畜粪便和医院废水等的不合理排放,导致浑河(抚顺段)水质受到严重污染.粪大肠菌群(Fecal Coliform)是检验水质污染的一个重要生物指标,主要来源于人和混血动物的粪便,对水域进行粪大肠菌群的检测并结合理化分析,可以准确定出水体污染的性质和程度,从而可为水体的污染状况和程度的评估提供科学的依据.本文以粪大肠菌群作为水质粪便污染指标,于2005年监测了浑河(抚顺段)水体粪便污染情况,同时监测了水质COD值.其结果表明,浑河(抚顺段)水体粪便污染严重,粪大肠菌群与COD呈现良好的相关关系. 相似文献
987.
988.
长白山区沟谷乌拉苔草Carex meyeriana沼泽湿地气候效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对长白山区沟谷沼泽典型乌拉苔草湿地土壤温度、乌拉苔草群落相对湿度、叶片温度、风速、光量子通量密度以及蒸腾速率的日变化和蒸腾速率的季节变化的研究,初步揭示沟谷乌拉苔草沼泽湿地的气候效应。结果表明长白山沟谷沼泽湿地具有三江平原沼泽同样的冷湿效应。土壤化通时间比三江平原化通时间提前1个多月,蒸腾速率日变化不同季节趋势基本一致,不同层次叶片的蒸腾速率日变化趋势基本一致,最大值在7至8月份蒸腾速率(H2O)达到100~140 mol.m-2.s-1。光量子通量密度与温度成正比,与湿度成反比,大气温度日变化和叶片温度日变化趋势基本相同,相对湿度的日变化趋势和大气温度的变化趋势正好相反,和光量子通量密度的变化趋势相反。沟谷湿地的同样具有小气候效应。 相似文献
989.
研究了粉末活性炭(PAC)作为载体的膜生物反应器(MBR)处理吹脱后垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能.在HRT=3 d、NH 4-N=200~500 mg/L条件下,进水pH>8.7时,PAC-MBR和没有添加PAC的普通MBR均只能将氨氮转化为NO-2;降低pH至7.6~8.2时,PAC-MBR中的亚硝酸盐氧化菌迅速恢复活性,将NO-2完全转化为硝酸盐,而普通MBR仍然停留在亚硝化阶段;当吹脱取消后,NO-2迅速消失,这可能与取消吹脱后,不再使用大量硫酸进行pH调节有关.研究发现,当SO2-4为3 g/L时,氨氮氧化速度出现了明显的下降,表明SO2-4对硝化菌具有抑制作用;同时,微生物代谢产物(SMP)分泌量越高,NO-2含量越低,但是SMP不是影响NO-2积累的主要原因. 相似文献
990.
Yao M Williamson DG McFadden J 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(8):1245-1253
Air quality is degraded by many factors, among which the emissions from on-road vehicles play a significant role. Timely and accurate estimate of such emissions becomes very important for policy-making and effective control measures. However, lack of traffic data and outdated emission software make this task difficult. This research has demonstrated a new method that facilitates the vehicular emission inventories at the local level by using shorter-time Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) traffic data along with the latest U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) emission modeling software, MOBILE6. The conversion methodology was developed for converting readily available HPMS traffic volume data into EPA MOBILE-based traffic classifications, and a corresponding software program was written for automating the process. EPA MOBILE6 model was used to obtain emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compound (VOC), and cabon monoxide (CO) emitted by the parent traffic and subsampled traffic data, and these emissions were additionally compared. The case study has shown that the difference of the magnitude between the emission estimates produced by certain subsampled and parent traffic data are minor, indicating that subsampled HPMS data can be used for reporting parent traffic emissions. It was also observed that traffic emissions follow a Weibull distribution, and NOx emissions were more sensitive to the traffic data composition than VOC and CO. Lastly, use of average emission values of 20 or 30 consecutive minutes appears to be valid for representing hourly emissions. 相似文献