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841.
Ken Kin Lam Yung Pengfei Fu Yufei Zhao Chuan Dong Zongwei Cai Ruijin Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(12):25-40
Fine particulatematter (PM2.5) is associated with increased risks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD),yet the toxicologicalmechanisms of PM2.5 promoting AD remain unclear. In this study,wildtype
and APP/PS1 transgenic mice (AD mice) were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 for eight weeks with a real-world exposure system in Taiyuan, China (mean PM2.5 concentration
in the cage was 61 μg/m3). We found that PM2.5 exposure could remarkably aggravate AD mice’s ethological and brain ultrastructural damage, along with the elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), Aβ-42 and AChE levels and the decline of ChAT levels in the brains. Based on high-throughput sequencing results, some differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and DE miRNAs in the brains of AD mice after PM2.5 exposure were screened.Using RT-qPCR, seven DEmiRNAs (mmu-miR-193b-5p, 122b-5p, 466h-3p, 10b-5p, 1895, 384–5p, and 6412) and six genes (Pcdhgb8, Unc13b, Robo3, Prph, Pter, and Tbata)
were evidenced the and verified. Two miRNA-target gene pairs (miR-125b-Pcdhgb8 pair and miR-466h-3p-IL-17Rα/TGF-βR2/Aβ-42/AChE pairs) were demonstrated that they were more
related to PM2.5-induced brain injury. Results of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways predicted that synaptic and postsynaptic
regulation, axon guidance, Wnt, MAPK, and mTOR pathways might be the possible regulatory mechanisms associated with pathological response. These revealed that PM2.5-
elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and PM2.5-altered neurotransmitter levels in AD mice could be the important causes of brain damage and proposed the promising miRNA
andmRNA biomarkers and potentialmiRNA-mRNA interaction networks of PM2.5-promoted AD. 相似文献
843.
土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶赋存对水稻生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探究土壤中残留抗生素对植物生长的影响,选取土壤中检出率较高的磺胺类抗生素磺胺二甲嘧啶作为外源污染物,分析水稻苗期和成熟期生长指标、根系和叶片生理生化指标、水稻各器官中抗生素残留量和富集转运因子的变化特性,并评价水稻籽粒中残留磺胺二甲嘧啶的健康风险.结果表明,磺胺二甲嘧啶对水稻株高和生物量的抑制作用存在于整个生长周期中,且苗期的影响大于生长成熟期,根部受到的影响大于苗部.苗期秧苗根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性和叶片叶绿素含量受到随抗生素含量增加而增大的抑制作用,而抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势表现出不同特征,具体为超氧化物歧化酶活性增强、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶先被激活后被抑制.磺胺二甲嘧啶在水稻各器官中的积累量表现为:根>叶>茎>籽粒,且水稻籽粒的抗生素风险评估结果显示EDI/ADI<0.1,不构成健康风险.生长成熟期土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶对水稻富集因子和转运系数的影响大于苗期.综合磺胺二甲嘧啶对水稻的不利影响,在水稻种植中施加畜禽粪便作为有机肥和使用养殖水进行农田灌溉时,需要关注磺胺二甲嘧啶的生态效应,保障水稻等作物的安全生产. 相似文献
844.
赵小学 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(1):53-56
采用HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4体系在全自动消解仪消解土壤样品,以50.0μg/L的Rh作内标,用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪同时测定《土壤环境质量标准》的7种元素Cd、 As、Cu、 Pb、 Cr、 Zn、 Ni。结果表明,土壤标样的测定值与标准值吻合,各元素对应的检出限和相对标准偏差分别为: Cd:0.002 mg/kg和3.6%, As:0.05 mg/kg和5.5%, Cu:0.10 mg/kg和2.9%, Pb:0.18 mg/kg和4.7%, Cr:0.25 mg/kg和2.2%, Zn:0.40 mg/kg和3.4%, Ni:0.20 mg/kg和3.8%。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度高,重现性好。 相似文献
845.
Jianling Xu Jiaqi Yang Nan Zhao Lianxi Sheng Yuanhui Zhao Zhanhui Tang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):6063-6070
Evaluation of the efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment has previously been conducted to prevent pollution of the environment. The current study aimed to provide a set of practical methods for efficient airport sanitary supervision. Aircraft liquid waste was collected at Longjia International Airport, Changchun from multiple flights. The efficiency of liquid waste treatment as well as the water quality of the wastewater processed via a second-stage wastewater facility were examined by measuring a number of physical, chemical, and biological indices. Our results indicated that treatment solely via resolvable sanitizing liquid was not sufficient. Although the contents of first-class pollutants all met the requirements of the standard criteria, the contents of a number of second-class pollutants did not satisfy these criteria. However, after further treatment via a second-stage wastewater facility installed at the airport, all indices reached second-grade requirements of the discharge standard. We suggest that daily inspection and quarantine indices at airports should include the suspension content, biological oxygen demands after 5 days, chemical oxygen demand total organic carbon content, amino nitrogen content, total phosphorous content, and the level of fecal coliforms. 相似文献
846.
二氧化氯混合消毒剂是新一代广谱高效消毒剂,消毒能力是次氯的3~5倍.二氧化氯发生器性能安全可靠,运行稳定,操作方便,对人体无不良作用.介绍了二氧化氯混合消毒剂在中国长城铝业公司职工医院含菌废水处理的应用实例. 相似文献
847.
Lianghu Su Guangzhai Guo Xinlong Shi Minyu Zuo Dongjie Niu Aihua Zhao Youcai Zhao 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(6):1411-1417
Co-disposal of refuse with municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (IBA) either multi-layered as landfill cover or mixed with refuse could pose additional risk to the environment because of enhanced leaching of heavy metals, especially Cu. This study applied short-term accelerated weathering to IBA, and monitored the mineralogical and chemical properties of IBA during the weathering process. Cu extractability of the weathered IBA was then evaluated using standard leaching protocols (i.e. SPLP and TCLP) and co-disposal leaching procedure. The results showed that weathering had little or no beneficial effect on Cu leaching in SPLP and TCLP, which can be explained by the adsorption and complexation of Cu with DOM. However, the Cu leaching of weathered IBA was reduced significantly when situated in fresh simulated landfill leachate. This was attributed to weakening Cu complexation with fulvic acid or hydrophilic fractions and/or intensifying Cu absorption to neoformed hydr(oxide) minerals in weathered IBA. The amount of total leaching Cu and Cu in free or labile complex fraction (the fraction with the highest mobility and bio-toxicity) of the 408-h weathered IBA were remarkably decreased by 86.3% and 97.6% in the 15-day co-disposal leaching test. Accelerated weathering of IBA may be an effective pretreatment method to decrease Cu leaching prior to its co-disposal with refuse. 相似文献
848.
Jeff Snelling Dongye Zhao J. Samuel Arey 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1484-1492
Abstract Methyl tertiary hexyl ether (MtHxE) and methyl tertiary octyl ether (MtOcE) are currently being developed as replacement oxygenates for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MtBE) in gasoline. As was the case with MtBE, the introduction of these ethers into fuel supplies guarantees their introduction into the environment as well. In this study, a screening-level risk assessment was performed by comparing predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of these ethers to concentrations that might cause adverse effects to humans or ecosystems. A simple box model that has successfully estimated urban air concentrations of MtBE was adapted to predict atmospheric concentrations of MtHxE and MtOcE. Expected atmospheric concentrations of these ethers were also estimated using the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) multimedia fate model, which simultaneously calculates PECs in the various environmental compartments of air, water, soil, and sediment. Because little or no data are available on the physicochemical, environmental, and toxicological properties of MtHxE and MtOcE, estimation methods were used in conjunction with EUSES to predict both the PECs and the concentrations at which these ethers might pose a threat. The results suggest that these ethers would contaminate the air of a moderately sized U.S. city (Boston, MA) at levels similar to those found previously for MtBE. The risk assessment module in EUSES predicted risk characterization ratios of 10?3 and 10?2 for MtHxE and MtOcE, respectively, in Boston, and 10?2 and 10?1 in very large urban centers, suggesting that these ethers pose only a minimal threat to ecosystems at the anticipated environmental concentrations. The assessment also indicates that these compounds are possible human carcinogens and that they may be present in urban air at concentrations that pose an unacceptable cancer risk. Therefore, testing of the toxicological properties of these compounds is recommended before they replace MtBE in gasoline. 相似文献
849.
20世纪90年代以来,区域差异研究成为学术界和政府管理者关注的热点领域。长期以来学者们主要以单一经济指标或复合经济指标作为衡量因子,分析区域经济差异时空演变及差异背后的自然、社会、经济驱动机理。从可持续发展的角度看,区域发展不单是区域经济的发展,而应是社会、经济与资源环境三方面的协调。基于这一理解,从可持续协调发展入手,建立了区域发展综合评价指标体系,选取了表征社会进步、经济发展和资源环境支持3个方面的27个因素作为评价指标,分析了区域综合发展的测算方法,提出了综合发展指数和发展协调指数。在案例分析中运用所设计的测度方法对江苏省内县级行政单位的综合发展进行了评价和分析。 相似文献
850.
火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中铝的方法改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了在盐酸介质中,壬基酚聚氧乙烯-7醚(NP-7)活化下,火焰原子吸收光度法测定环境水体中铝的方法改进。在25mL容量瓶中,加入5.0mL体积分数为50%的盐酸、2.0mL质量浓度为0.01g/mL NP-7和4.0mL质量浓度为75.0μg/mL的铝标准溶液,在原子吸收分光光度计的最佳测定条件下测定吸光度。根据吸光度与铝质量浓度绘制了工作曲线,线性范围3.0~24.0μg/mL,检出限1.32μg/mL。该法用于环境水体中铝含量的测定,加标回收率为94.4%~101.4%,最大相对标准偏差5.8%,方法对比最大相对误差4.1%。 相似文献