论环境信息系统开发项目的若干问题

环境信息系统的开发是一项复杂的系统工程。本文对系统开发中的组织与管理，人才的培养与使用，系统开发的方式以及开发的一般过程进行了探讨，其目的是为避免系统开发中的盲目性，使系统的开发正规化，标准化。     

腈纶废弃物制备高分子絮凝剂新工艺

作者叙述了以腈纶废弃物为原料，进行催化还原、羧甲基化反应，制备了高分子絮凝剂。研究了反应条件对产物的影响，通过对一系列污水进行处理比较，证明该种工艺与其他工艺相比具有较好的效果。     

Aerosol Scavenging: Model Application and Sensitivity Analysis in the Indian Context

Sulfate aerosols have been found to bethe major contributors to precipitation acidity. Thus,in view of the long-term ecological repercussions theyhave on aquatic ecosystems and their acidity-potential,the present analysis focuses on a case study applicationof the layer-averaged aerosol-scavenging model (Okita et al., 1996) for predicting values of the wet scavengingcoefficient and sulfate concentrations in precipitationsamples on the basis of the information available forsome selected Indian cities. Through sensitivityanalysis (Pandey et al., 1997) the scavengingcoefficient has been found to be very strongly dependenton precipitation intensity. Comparison of modelpredictions has been done with the measured values forDelhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai in India.     

Chromium speciation and fractionation in ground and surface waters in the vicinity of chromite ore processing residue disposal sites

Chromium concentrations of up to 91 mg l(-1) were found by ICP-OES for ground water from nine boreholes at four landfill sites in an area of S.E. Glasgow/S. Lanarkshire where high-lime chromite ore processing residue (COPR) from a local chemical works had been deposited from 1830 to 1968. Surface water concentrations of up to 6.7 mg l(-1) in a local tributary stream fell to 0.11 mg l(-1) in the River Clyde. Two independent techniques of complexation/colorimetry and speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) showed that Cr was predominantly (>90%) in hexavalent form (CrVI) as CrO4(2-), as anticipated at the high pH (7.5-12.5) of the sites. Some differences between the implied and directly determined concentrations of dissolved CrIII, however, appeared related to the total organic carbon (TOC) content. This was most significant for the ground water from one borehole that had the highest TOC concentration of 300 mg l(-1) and at which < 3% of Cr was in the form of CrVI. Subsequent ultrafiltration produced significant decreases in Cr concentration with decreasing size fractions, e.g. <0.45 microm, < 100 kDa, <30 kDa and < 1 kDa by the tangential-flow method. As this appeared related more to concentrations of humic substances than of TOC per se, horizontal bed gel electrophoresis of freeze-dried ultrafilter retentates was carried out to further characterise the CrIII-organic complex. This showed for the main Cr-containing fraction, 100 kDa-0.45 microm, that the Cr was associated with a dark brown band characteristic of organic (humic) matter. Comparison of gel electrophoresis and FTIR results for ultrafilter retentates of ground water from this borehole with those for a borehole at another site where CrVI predominated suggested the influence of carboxylate groups, both in reducing CrVI and in forming soluble CrIII-humic complexes. The implications of this for remediation strategies (especially those based on the addition of organic matter) designed to reduce highly mobile and carcinogenic Cr(VI)O4(2-) to the much less harmful CrIII as insoluble Cr(OH)3 are discussed.     

酸性法测定高锰酸盐指数加热时间的选择

酸性法测定高锰酸盐指数，会因实验条件的差异产生不同的结果。对不同加热时间，加热方式等因素进行了试验，结果表明加热时间以水浴加热沸腾３０ｍｉｎ或电炉直接加热８ｍｉｎ为宜。     

催化极谱法快速测定水体中微量总铬

铬是环境监测的重要项目之一,已确证,铬(Ⅵ)对人休、鱼类等都是有害的,并有一定程度的致癌作用.一般在电镀、冶炼、制革、颜料等工业生产过程中有含铬废水排放于河道,致使环境水体、河床底质甚至土壤等会受到污染.因此,研究一个灵敏、准确、简     

硫酸盐还原条件下苯胺生物降解的研究

采用自行设计的室内土柱实验装置来模拟渭河渗滤系统，研究含有苯胺的污染河水在渭河渗滤系统中的环境行为及净化机制．结果表明：在硫酸盐还原条件下，苯胺的降解率逐渐升高，最高可达到71％左右；随着S^2-等抑制生物活性物质的产生，苯胺的降解率降低到60％左右；在硫酸盐还原条件下，苯胶降解是不完全的．     

加强建设 量化管理 推进环境监测事业持续发展

介绍了南京市环境监测中心站近年来在拓展监测能力,提升监测现代化水平,优化资源配置,加强队伍建设,强化制度建设,实施目标管理等方面采取的举措,指出在我国环境保护发生历史性转变的关键时期,环境监测站应在社会、经济、环境的协调发展中,充分发挥为管理服务的前瞻性、监测信息上报的及时性及实施环境决策的支持性作用,积极推进环境监测事业持续发展.