西北干旱地区城市污水资源化初探

建立城市污水处理厂处理污水，是城市发展的必然趋势。针对西北干旱地区水资源匮乏、农业用水困难的特点，充分考虑各城市的经济承受能力及环保工程的经济合理性，初步探讨了西北干旱地区城市污水经高负荷活性污泥法处理后用于农田灌溉、实现污水资源化的可能途径和应该考虑的因素。     

改良铬酸钡比色法测定硫酸雾

本法适合于中低浓度5～150mg/m~3的样品分析。样品用去离子水加热洗脱再过滤,并通过阳离子树脂交换去除金属干扰。将含有黄色铬酸根离子的滤出液在波长372nm处比色测定硫酸含量。最低检出下限50μg/10ml、最高500μg/10ml。     

土壤背景值元素共生组合规律初探

本文采用R型聚类分析对全省区域内发育于多种成土母质上、分布于多种土类中及各种不同地貌上的210个土壤样品及有代表性的成土母质和土类进行研究,全面综合地探讨表生环境中微量元素的共生组合规律。     

垃圾填埋场渗出液中有害成分的研究

研究垃圾填埋场渗出液中的有害成分。渗出液样品用适当的方法处理后 ,用气相色谱 -质谱联用方法和原子发射光谱法进行定性分析。然后用原子吸收分光光度法和反相高效液相色谱法定量测定样品中微量的 Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、苯酚、对甲苯酚、萘、蒽     

Aerosol Scavenging: Model Application and Sensitivity Analysis in the Indian Context

Sulfate aerosols have been found to bethe major contributors to precipitation acidity. Thus,in view of the long-term ecological repercussions theyhave on aquatic ecosystems and their acidity-potential,the present analysis focuses on a case study applicationof the layer-averaged aerosol-scavenging model (Okita et al., 1996) for predicting values of the wet scavengingcoefficient and sulfate concentrations in precipitationsamples on the basis of the information available forsome selected Indian cities. Through sensitivityanalysis (Pandey et al., 1997) the scavengingcoefficient has been found to be very strongly dependenton precipitation intensity. Comparison of modelpredictions has been done with the measured values forDelhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai in India.     

低浓度石油类监测与评价的问题探讨

分析表明,当地表水中石油类浓度很低时,受多方面因素影响,其监测结果的准确性和评价结论的可靠性会下降,应选用合适的监测方法,同时要注意引入污染问题。     

Chromium speciation and fractionation in ground and surface waters in the vicinity of chromite ore processing residue disposal sites

Chromium concentrations of up to 91 mg l(-1) were found by ICP-OES for ground water from nine boreholes at four landfill sites in an area of S.E. Glasgow/S. Lanarkshire where high-lime chromite ore processing residue (COPR) from a local chemical works had been deposited from 1830 to 1968. Surface water concentrations of up to 6.7 mg l(-1) in a local tributary stream fell to 0.11 mg l(-1) in the River Clyde. Two independent techniques of complexation/colorimetry and speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) showed that Cr was predominantly (>90%) in hexavalent form (CrVI) as CrO4(2-), as anticipated at the high pH (7.5-12.5) of the sites. Some differences between the implied and directly determined concentrations of dissolved CrIII, however, appeared related to the total organic carbon (TOC) content. This was most significant for the ground water from one borehole that had the highest TOC concentration of 300 mg l(-1) and at which < 3% of Cr was in the form of CrVI. Subsequent ultrafiltration produced significant decreases in Cr concentration with decreasing size fractions, e.g. <0.45 microm, < 100 kDa, <30 kDa and < 1 kDa by the tangential-flow method. As this appeared related more to concentrations of humic substances than of TOC per se, horizontal bed gel electrophoresis of freeze-dried ultrafilter retentates was carried out to further characterise the CrIII-organic complex. This showed for the main Cr-containing fraction, 100 kDa-0.45 microm, that the Cr was associated with a dark brown band characteristic of organic (humic) matter. Comparison of gel electrophoresis and FTIR results for ultrafilter retentates of ground water from this borehole with those for a borehole at another site where CrVI predominated suggested the influence of carboxylate groups, both in reducing CrVI and in forming soluble CrIII-humic complexes. The implications of this for remediation strategies (especially those based on the addition of organic matter) designed to reduce highly mobile and carcinogenic Cr(VI)O4(2-) to the much less harmful CrIII as insoluble Cr(OH)3 are discussed.     

对生产力测定中“叶绿素a测定”方法的探讨

对生产力测定中“叶绿素a的测定”方法进行了探讨与改进，对样品研磨、转移损失、离心后750nm处吸光值达不到0．005要求等方面进行对比试验研究，提出了改进建议．     

用被动式采样器监测二氧化硫

二氧化硫的被动式采样法,几十年来经前人不断的研究,到目前为止,Scheeren等人选定了威廉氏采样器(也称为“徽章式”采样器),它是一个只有6 mm厚的环形容器,底上有涂渍过的石英滤片,用一个未涂渍的聚四氟乙烯滤片(也用聚苯乙烯环)固定,而聚四氟乙烯另一作用是防止由于湍流而产生的扩散过程和避免硫酸盐微粒的干扰。为了用于长周期暴露法采样,Palmas等人设计了聚苯乙烯管(以下称DS管),它的底部装有一     

标准BOD5测定法的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置研究

"稀释与接种法"是BOD5的标准测定方法,制备溶解氧接近饱和且不含能干扰生化耗氧过程的物质的稀释水,是该法重要的工作之一.由真空泵带动的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置,流程合理、装配容易、调控灵活,可连贯进行空气净化与稀释水曝气,而制取符合质量要求的稀释水.