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141.
Moon HB Kim SJ Park H Jung YS Lee S Kim YH Choi M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(9):2400-2405
Reports on the occurrence and intake assessment of mercury for Korean seafood are currently not available. This is the first report to estimate the intake of methyl (Me-Hg) and total mercury (T-Hg) from seafood consumption in Korea. The concentrations of Me-Hg and T-Hg in seafood ranged from 1.02 to 780 (mean: 55.6) ng g(-1) wet weight and 4.89 to 1008 (mean: 100) ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively. The residue levels of Me-Hg and T-Hg in Korean seafood were moderate compared with those found in other countries. The methylation ratios of fish, cephalopods and crustaceans were similar, but shellfish had lower values compared with other species. The intakes of Me-Hg and T-Hg from seafood consumption for the general population were estimated to be 38.8 and 73.8 ng kg(-1) body weight per day, respectively. Mackerel, tuna and squid made the highest contributions to the total intake of these contaminants. Among eight age groups, 30-49 year and 3-6 year age groups had the highest exposure to Me-Hg and T-Hg. The concentrations and intakes of Me-Hg and T-Hg from Korean seafood were less than the allowable residue levels and threshold intake levels suggested by Korean and international authorities. The present study may be useful for risk management of mercury in Korean seafood. 相似文献
142.
Wang Zhaoqi Jung Soontag Yeo Daseul Park Sunho Woo Seoyoung Seo Yeeun Hossain Md. Iqbal Kim Minji Choi Changsun 《Food and environmental virology》2023,15(1):61-70
Food and Environmental Virology - The performance of dishwashers in removing live viruses is an important informative value in practical applications. Since foodborne viruses are present in... 相似文献
143.
Sang-Won Park Sung-Kuk Kim Jeong-Bae Kim Sung-Woo Choi Hilary I. Inyang Shuzo Tokunaga 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(1-2):97-110
Halogenated aliphatic compounds (HACs) can be reduced by iron sulfides in aqueous systems. Generally, the thermodynamics and
kinetics of dehalogenation reactions are controlled by the mineralogical and particle surface characteristics of the iron
sulfide, the composition of the HAC and reaction conditions such as component concentrations, pH and Eh. In this theoretical
and experimental investigation of CCl4 and C2Cl6 reduction by FeS and FeS2, the roles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites on the iron sulfides were analyzed. Experimental data obtained through zeta
potential measurements, were used along with the Gouy-Chapman model and the simple two-layer surface complexation model to
relate iron sulfide surface hydroxyl densities to the degree of HAC dehalogenation. The surface hydroxyl site densities of
FeS and FeS2 were found to be 0.11 sites/nm2 and 0.21 sites/nm2, respectively. During the dehalogenation reaction process, CCl4 was found to decrease to its first intermediate product CHCl3 within the first 20 hours followed by a slower process of conversion to CH2Cl2. The results also show that FeS is less hydrated (more hydrophobic) than FeS2. For CCl4 and C2Cl6, FeS is a better dehalogenator than FeS2. These results imply that particle surface hydrophobicity is a critical factor in surface-mediated dehalogenation of chlorinated
compounds. 相似文献
144.
Low-level liquid borate wastes have been immobilized with paraffin wax using a concentrate waste drying system (CWDS) in Korean nuclear power plants. The possibility for improving chemical durability of paraffin waste form was suggested in this study. A small amount of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was added to increase the leaching resistance of the existing paraffin waste form. The influence of LDPE on the leaching behavior of waste form was investigated by performing leaching test according to ANSI/ANS-16.1 procedure during 325 days. It was observed that the leaching of nuclides immobilized within paraffin waste form made a marked reduction although little content of LDPE was added to waste form. The acceptance criteria of paraffin waste form associated with leachability index (LI) and compressive strength after the leaching test were fully satisfied with the help of LDPE. 相似文献
145.
Effects of Climate and Land Cover on Hydrology in the Southeastern U.S.: Potential Impacts on Watershed Planning
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Jacob H. LaFontaine Lauren E. Hay Roland J. Viger R. Steve Regan Steven L. Markstrom 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(5):1235-1261
The hydrologic response to statistically downscaled general circulation model simulations of daily surface climate and land cover through 2099 was assessed for the Apalachicola‐Chattahoochee‐Flint River Basin located in the southeastern United States. Projections of climate, urbanization, vegetation, and surface‐depression storage capacity were used as inputs to the Precipitation‐Runoff Modeling System to simulate projected impacts on hydrologic response. Surface runoff substantially increased when land cover change was applied. However, once the surface depression storage was added to mitigate the land cover change and increases of surface runoff (due to urbanization), the groundwater flow component then increased. For hydrologic studies that include projections of land cover change (urbanization in particular), any analysis of runoff beyond the change in total runoff should include effects of stormwater management practices as these features affect flow timing and magnitude and may be useful in mitigating land cover change impacts on streamflow. Potential changes in water availability and how biota may respond to changes in flow regime in response to climate and land cover change may prove challenging for managers attempting to balance the needs of future development and the environment. However, these models are still useful for assessing the relative impacts of climate and land cover change and for evaluating tradeoffs when managing to mitigate different stressors. 相似文献
146.
Benthic algal production across lake size gradients: interactions among morphometry, nutrients, and light 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Attached algae play a minor role in conceptual and empirical models of lake ecosystem function but paradoxically form the energetic base of food webs that support a wide variety of fishes. To explore the apparent mismatch between perceived limits on contributions of periphyton to whole-lake primary production and its importance to consumers, we modeled the contribution of periphyton to whole-ecosystem primary production across lake size, shape, and nutrient gradients. The distribution of available benthic habitat for periphyton is influenced by the ratio of mean depth to maximum depth (DR = z/ z(max)). We modeled total phytoplankton production from water-column nutrient availability, z, and light. Periphyton production was a function of light-saturated photosynthesis (BPmax) and light availability at depth. The model demonstrated that depth ratio (DR) and light attenuation strongly determined the maximum possible contribution of benthic algae to lake production, and the benthic proportion of whole-lake primary production (BPf) declined with increasing nutrients. Shallow lakes (z < or =5 m) were insensitive to DR and were dominated by either benthic or pelagic primary productivity depending on trophic status. Moderately deep oligotrophic lakes had substantial contributions by benthic primary productivity at low depth ratios and when maximum benthic photosynthesis was moderate or high. Extremely large, deep lakes always had low fractional contributions of benthic primary production. An analysis of the world's largest lakes showed that the shapes of natural lakes shift increasingly toward lower depth ratios with increasing depth, maximizing the potential importance of littoral primary production in large-lake food webs. The repeatedly demonstrated importance of periphyton to lake food webs may reflect the combination of low depth ratios and high light penetration characteristic of large, oligotrophic lakes that in turn lead to substantial contributions of periphyton to autochthonous production. 相似文献
147.
Oil concentrations in the seawater, seabed sediments, and shoreline sediments were measured from the samples collected 165 days after the Keumdong oil spill accident, which had occurred in Kwangyang Bay of the South Sea, Korea in September 1993. Distribution patterns of the concentrations in the seabed and shoreline sediments have allowed us to hindcast the transport and fate of the spilled oil. Overall, the patterns agree better with the southward (seaward) surface water circulation than with the northward (landward) bottom water circulation over the region. Rapid, initial dispersal of the spilled oil to the south and its subsequent grounding onto the intertidal seabed sediments, as well as onto the shorelines, appear to have made ineffective the subsurface oil transport by the bottom current. 相似文献
148.
Axel Strauß Katrin Y. Solmsdorff Roger Pech Jens Jacob 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(10):1551-1558
Predators can strongly influence the microhabitat use and foraging behaviour of prey. In a large-scale replicated field experiment
in East Gippsland, Australia, we tested the effects of reduced alien red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and alien wild dog (Canis lupus familiaris) abundance (treatment) on native bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) behaviour. Bush rats are exposed to two main guilds of predators, namely mammalian carnivores and birds of prey. Tracking
rat movements using the spool-and-line technique revealed that, in treatment sites, rats used ground cover, which provides
shelter from predators, less often than at unmanipulated fox and wild dog abundance (non-treatment sites). In treatment sites,
rats more frequently moved on logs where they would have been exposed to hunting foxes and dogs than in non-treatment sites.
Furthermore, in treatments, rats showed a preference for understorey but not in non-treatments. Hence, bush rats adapted their
behaviour to removal of alien terrestrial predators. Giving-up densities (GUDs) indicated no treatment effects on the marginal
feeding rate of bush rats. Interestingly, GUDs were higher in open patches than in sheltered patches, suggesting higher perceived
predation risk of bush rats during foraging at low versus high cover. The lack of treatment effects on GUDs but the clear
response of bush rats to cover may be explained by the impact of predators other than foxes and wild dogs. 相似文献
149.
Henrietta Nittby Bengt Widegren Morten Krogh Gustav Grafström Henrik Berlin Gustav Rehn Jacob L. Eberhardt Lars Malmgren Bertil R. R. Persson Leif G. Salford 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(4):458-465
We have earlier shown that radio frequency electromagnetic fields can cause significant leakage of albumin through the blood–brain
barrier of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed rats, and also significant neuronal damage in rat brains several weeks
after a 2 h exposure to a mobile phone, at 915 MHz with a global system for mobile communications (GSM) frequency modulation,
at whole-body specific absorption rate values (SAR) of 200, 20, 2, and 0.2 mW/kg. We have now studied whether 6 h of exposure
to the radiation from a GSM mobile test phone at 1,800 MHz (at a whole-body SAR-value of 13 mW/kg, corresponding to a brain
SAR-value of 30 mW/kg) has an effect upon the gene expression pattern in rat brain cortex and hippocampus—areas where we have
observed albumin leakage from capillaries into neurons and neuronal damage. Microarray analysis of 31,099 rat genes, including
splicing variants, was performed in cortex and hippocampus of 8 Fischer 344 rats, 4 animals exposed to global system for mobile
communications electromagnetic fields for 6 h in an anechoic chamber, one rat at a time, and 4 controls kept as long in the
same anechoic chamber without exposure, also in this case one rat at a time. Gene ontology analysis (using the gene ontology
categories biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components) of the differentially expressed genes of the exposed
animals versus the control group revealed the following highly significant altered gene categories in both cortex and hippocampus:
extracellular region, signal transducer activity, intrinsic to membrane, and integral to membrane. The fact that most of these
categories are connected with membrane functions may have a relation to our earlier observation of albumin transport through
brain capillaries. 相似文献
150.
Performance of an electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor with an electrode-surface grinding unit 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Geun Jeong B Min Yoon S Ho Choi C Koang Kwon K Sik Hyun M Heui Yi D Soo Park H Kim M Joo Kim H 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(12):1352-1357
An electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor using an electrode-surface grinding unit was investigated. The electrolyzing (oxidizing) action of copper on an organic species was used as the basis of the COD measuring sensor. Using a simple three-electrode cell and a surface grinding unit, the organic species is activated by the catalytic action of copper and oxidized at a working electrode, poised at a positive potential. When synthetic wastewater was fed into the system, the measured Coulombic yields were found to be dependent on the COD of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the COD of the synthetic wastewater was established (10-1000 mg L(-1)) when the electrode-surface grinding procedure was activated briefly at 8 h intervals. When various kinds of wastewater samples obtained from various sewage treatment plants were measured, linear correlations (r(2)> or = 0.92) between the measured EOD (electrochemical oxygen demand) value and COD of the samples were observed. At a practical wastewater treatment plant, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability over 3 months. These experimental results show that the application of the measurement system would be a rapid and practical method for the determination of COD in water industries. 相似文献