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21.
A sustainable future for olive production on sloping land? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
22.
A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of ametryn in agricultural samples. The proposed
method was based on reaction with pyridine and further coupling with sulfanilic acid to form a colored product. The absorbance
was measured at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity of 2.1 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1. The method shows a linear range from 0.2–20 μg mL−1 with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.16 and 0.54 μg mL−1, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of ametryn in sugarcane juice and commercial
formulations after separation of ametryn from triazine herbicides based on solvent extraction. Recovery values were found
to be in the range of 96.0 ± 0.2% to 98.4 ± 0.1%. 相似文献
23.
Majbrit Dela Cruz Jan H. Christensen Jane Dyrhauge Thomsen Renate Müller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):13909-13928
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are found in indoor air, and many of these can affect human health (e.g. formaldehyde and benzene are carcinogenic). Plants affect the levels of VOCs in indoor environments, thus they represent a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality that at the same time can improve human health. This article reviews scientific studies of plants’ ability to remove VOCs from indoor air. The focus of the review is on pathways of VOC removal by the plants and factors affecting the efficiency and rate of VOC removal by plants. Laboratory based studies indicate that plant induced removal of VOCs is a combination of direct (e.g. absorption) and indirect (e.g. biotransformation by microorganisms) mechanisms. They also demonstrate that plants’ rate of reducing the level of VOCs is influenced by a number of factors such as plant species, light intensity and VOC concentration. For instance, an increase in light intensity has in some studies been shown to lead to an increase in removal of a pollutant. Studies conducted in real-life settings such as offices and homes are few and show mixed results. 相似文献
24.
We examined long-term data on water chemistry of Lake Rachelsee (Germany) following the changes in acidic depositions in central Europe since 1980s. Despite gradual chemical recovery of Rachelsee, its biological recovery was delayed. In 1999, lake recovery was abruptly reversed by a coincident forest die-back, which resulted in elevated terrestrial export of nitrate and ionic aluminum lasting ~5 years. This re-acidification episode provided unique opportunity to study plankton recovery in the rapidly recovering lake water after the abrupt decline in nitrate leaching from the catchment. There were sudden changes both in lake water chemistry and in plankton biomass structure, such as decreased bacterial filaments, increased phytoplankton biomass, and rotifer abundance. The shift from dominance of heterotrophic to autotrophic organisms suggested their substantial release from severe phosphorus stress. Such a rapid change in plankton structure in a lake recovering from acidity has, to the best of our knowledge, not been previously documented. 相似文献
25.
Bert Brunekreef Danny Houthuijs Lyanne Dijkstra Jan S.M. Boleij 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1252-1256
Elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are produced in the home by the use of unvented gas appliances. In studies on potential health effects of Indoor exposure to NO2, exposure has mostly been estimated from the presence or absence of sources like gas cookers in the home. This leads to misclassification of exposure, as NO2 concentrations in the home depend also on source use, ventilation habits, time budgets, etc. The availability of cheap, passive monitoring devices has made it possible to measure Indoor concentrations of NO2 directly in health effects studies, albeit with averaging times of one to several days. So far, it has not been evaluated whether this increases the sensitivity of a study to detect health effects of NO2. In this paper, a comparison is made between NO2 sources and weekly average indoor NO2 measurements, as predictors of pulmonary function in a study among children aged 6–12 years. The relationship between exposure and lung functions was found to be generally non-significant in this study. The results further suggested that in this study, measuring Indoor NO2 concentrations with passive monitors offered no advantage over the simple use of source presence as exposure variable. 相似文献
26.
Rüdel H Müller J Quack M Klein R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):772-783
Background and aims
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant used mainly in polystyrene foam as well as in textile applications. In recent years, measures were taken to reduce HBCD emissions during its production and use. To evaluate the efficacy of these measures, a monitoring project was initiated with fish as bioaccumulation indicators. 相似文献27.
Hans-Jürgen jáger Hartmut Klein 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):464-466
Biochemical and physiological experiments were conducted on pea plants (Pisum sativum) continuously exposed in growth chambers to SO2 gas for 18 days. S02 gas concentrations were 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 ppm. In plants exposed to 0.1 and 0.15 ppm it was clearly demonstrated that there was a greater accumulation of inorganic sulfur, a reduced buffer capacity of the cells relative to H-ions, and a stimulation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The only macroscopic symptom seen was slight chlorosis of the older leaves. There was only a slight decrease in fresh and dry weights of these plants compared to the control plants whereas in the group of plants exposed to 0.25 ppm SO2 foliage necrosis was considerable. In addition, there was a marked reduction in the fresh and dry weights of the latter plants. However, the relationship among accumulated inorganic sulfur, reduced buffer capacity, and increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity as seen for the lower S02 concentrations was close. Accordingly, if might be possible to use these three parameters to diagnose S02 injury before any significant symptoms appear. In the case of severe SO2 injury there was a marked increase in glutamine and ammonia concentrations suggesting that these factors in addition to the above could be used in diagnosing severe SO2 injury. There was no significant difference between plants treated with 0.1 or 0.15 ppm SO2 and control plants in the contents of K, Ca, P, and N fractions. Therefore, these factors would not be useful in the early detection of SO2 injury. 相似文献
28.
Brian P. Leaderer Theodore R. Holford Jan A. J. Stolwijk 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):154-157
A PM10 monitoring network was established throughout the South Coast Air Basin (SOCAB) in the greater Los Angeles region during the calendar year 1986. Annual average PM10 mass concentrations within the Los Angeles metropolitan area ranged from 47.0 µg m-3 along the coast to 87.4 µg m-3 at Rubldoux, the furthest inland monitoring station. Measurements made at San Nicolas Island suggest that regional background aerosol contributes between 28 to 44 percent of the PM10 aerosol at monitoring sites In the SOCAB over the long term average. Five major aerosol components (carbonaceous material, NO- 3, SO= 4, NH+ 4, and soil-related material) account for greater than 80 percent of the annual average PM10 mass at all on-land monitoring stations. Peak 24-h average mass concentrations of nearly 300 µg m-3 were observed at inland locations, with lower peak values (?130–150 µg m-3) measured along the coast. Peak-day aerosol composition was characterized by increased NO- 3 Ion and associated ammonium ion levels, as compared to the annual average. There appears to be only a weak dependence of PM10 mass concentration on season of the year. This lack of a pronounced seasonal dependence results from the complex and contradictory seasonal variations in the major chemical components (carbonaceous material, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium ion and crustal material). At most sites within the Los Angeles metropolitan area, PM10 mass concentrations exceeded both the annual and 24-h average federal and state of California PM10 regulatory standards. 相似文献
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