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71.
Bacteria associated with oak and ash on a TCE-contaminated site: characterization of isolates with potential to avoid evapotranspiration of TCE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nele Weyens Safiyh Taghavi Tanja Barac Daniel van der Lelie Jana Boulet Tom Artois Robert Carleer Jaco Vangronsveld 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(7):830-843
Background, aim, and scope
Along transects under a mixed woodland of English Oak (Quercus robur) and Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) growing on a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater plume, sharp decreases in TCE concentrations were observed, while transects outside the planted area did not show this remarkable decrease. This suggested a possibly active role of the trees and their associated bacteria in the remediation process. Therefore, the cultivable bacterial communities associated with both tree species growing on this TCE-contaminated groundwater plume were investigated in order to assess the possibilities and practical aspects of using these common native tree species and their associated bacteria for phytoremediation. In this study, only the cultivable bacteria were characterized because the final aim was to isolate TCE-degrading, heavy metal resistant bacteria that might be used as traceable inocula to enhance bioremediation. 相似文献72.
Gregory L. Brinkman Jana B. Milford James J. Schauer Martin M. Shafer Michael P. Hannigan 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(12):1972-1981
Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is due to both indoor and outdoor sources. Contributions of sources to personal exposure can be quite different from those observed at ambient sampling locations. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using trace organic speciation data to help identify sources influencing PM2.5 exposure concentrations. Sixty-four 24-h PM2.5 samples were obtained on seven different subjects in and around Boulder, CO. The exposure samples were analyzed for PM2.5 mass, elemental and organic carbon, organic tracer compounds, water-soluble metals, ammonia, and nitrate. This study is the first to measure a broad distribution of organic tracer compounds in PM2.5 personal samples. PM2.5 mass exposure concentrations averaged 8.4 μg m?3. Organic carbon was the dominant constituent of the PM2.5 mass. Forty-four organic species and 19 water-soluble metals were quantifiable in more than half of the samples. Fifty-four organic species and 16 water-soluble metals had measurement signal-to-noise ratios larger than two after blank subtraction.The dataset was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the factors that account for the greatest variance. Eight significant factors were identified; each factor was matched to its likely source based primarily on the marker species that loaded the factor. The results were consistent with the expectation that multiple marker species for the same source loaded the same factor. Meat cooking was an important source of variability. The factor that represents meat cooking was highly correlated with organic carbon concentrations (r = 0.84). The correlation between ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5 exposure was relatively weak (r = 0.15). Time participants spent performing various activities was generally not well correlated with PCA factor scores, likely because activity duration does not measure emissions intensity. The PCA results demonstrate that organic tracers can aid in identifying factors that influence personal exposures to PM2.5. 相似文献
73.
Daniela Plachá Helena Raclavská Martina Kučerová Jana Kuchařová 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(5):1104-1112
In this study we observed the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during the composting process of compost heaps in two different bioreactors (open and closed) at three different depths (0, 40 and 80 cm). The compost was prepared as a mixture of bio-waste, horse manure, grass and sawdust to ensure sufficient pH conditions in compost heaps. VFA contents in the composting materials were analysed weekly over 14–119 d. The degradation process was monitored, along with temperature, pH, total organic carbon, oxidizable carbon and mono- and oligosaccharides. VFA contents were evaluated with regard to the depth of the sample site in the compost heap and to conditions in the bioreactors. The maximum VFA occurrence was observed during the first 35 d; acetic and propionic acids in particular were determined to occur in each sample. Considerable variations in their formation and elimination were observed in the two bioreactors as well as at the various depths in the compost heaps. Significant correlations were found between individual VFAs, as well as between VFA concentrations and organic carbon contents. 相似文献
74.
75.
Daria Schurmann Jana Collatz Steffen Hagenbucher Joachim Ruther Johannes L. M. Steidle 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(3):383-391
Associative learning of host-associated chemical cues was studied in Nasonia vitripennis, a parasitoid of fly pupae in nests of hole-nesting birds. When females encountered a fly pupa and performed one sequence
of host recognition behaviour including drilling the ovipositor into the host in the presence of the artificial odour furfurylheptanoate
(FFH), they were afterwards arrested by FFH in olfactometer experiments. The response vanished after 4 days and could be blocked
after 3 days by feeding wasps with ethacrynic acid prior and after the training. This indicates the formation of an intermediate
form of memory by one host experience in N. vitripennis. Interestingly, the trained wasps avoided odours that were not present during the host encounter, although naive wasps did
not react to these odours. This unique behaviour probably causes wasps to focus during host searching on those chemical cues
they have experienced in the host environment. Studies in nests of hole-nesting birds revealed that about 30% of all nests
contained only one fly pupa, and laboratory studies showed that N. vitripennis females are able to parasitise around 100 fly pupae in their life. It is discussed that under these conditions, the formation
of a non-permanent intermediate memory for host-associated odours after one host encounter is adaptive to avoid costs involved
with formation and maintenance of memory for misleading cues. The demonstration of associative olfactory learning in N. vitripennis, the first parasitoid species with sequenced genome, opens the gate to study molecular mechanisms of memory formation and
its ecological adaptation in parasitoids. 相似文献
76.
Many Eastern European countries suffer the lack of data on concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the environmental matrices. This absence of information is preventing the local authorities from taking the adequate actions to protect the people and environment. This is even more alarming in the countries recently affected by the wars where the chemicals released to the environment during the military operations can cause a significant ecological damage and health effects on the population. A potential of passive air sampling technique as a tool capable of providing seasonally and spatially resolved information about the local sources and levels of contamination was explored in this study as a first step to the establishment of a cost-effective long-term monitoring in this area. The passive air samplers proved to be a powerful technique capable of detecting the concentrations ranging over four orders of magnitude providing the information very comparable with the conventional techniques. 相似文献
77.
Effie A. Greathouse Jana E. Compton John Van Sickle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1383-1400
Red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen(N)‐fixing deciduous broadleaf tree, can strongly influence N concentrations in western Oregon and Washington. We compiled a database of stream N and GIS‐derived landscape characteristics in order to examine geographic variation in N across the Oregon Coast Range. Basal area of alder, expressed as a percent of watershed area, accounted for 37% and 38% of the variation in summer nitrate and total N (TN) concentrations, respectively. Relationships between alder and nitrate were strongest in winter when streamflow and landscape connections are highest. Distance to the coast and latitude, potential surrogates for sea salt inputs, and watershed area were also related to nitrate concentrations in an all‐subsets regression analysis, which accounted for 46% of the variation in summer nitrate concentrations. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion did not include developed or agricultural land cover, probably because few watersheds in our database had substantial levels of these land cover classes. Our results provide evidence, at a regional scale, that background sources and processes cause many Coast Range streams to exceed proposed nutrient criteria, and that the prevalence of a single tree species (N‐fixing red alder) exerts a dominant control over stream N concentrations across this region. 相似文献
78.
Jana Tremlová Vladan Golka Radka Babková Jana Najmanová Pavel Tlustoš 《Chemistry and Ecology》2016,32(10):919-936
The ability of plant species to accumulate arsenic (As) species in the biomass from As-contaminated soils is variable. Among the plants widely grown at the As-contaminated locations, Plantaginaceae and Cyperaceae families belong to the frequent ones. In this study, the ability of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae) and three wetland plant species representing the family Cyperaceae (Carex praecox, Carex vesicaria, and Scirpus sylvaticus) naturally occurring in the soils with an elevated As in the Czech Republic were investigated. The plants were cultivated under controlled conditions in an As-contaminated soil reaching 735?mg?kg?1 of the total As. The total As in plants reached up to 8.3?mg?kg?1 in leaves, and up to 155?mg?kg?1 in roots of C. praecox. Dominant As compounds were arsenite and arsenate with a small abundance of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in all the plant species. In Cyperaceae, small percentages of arsenobetaine (AB) and arsenocholine (AC) were detected, suggesting the ability of these plants to transform As into less toxic compounds. Moreover, the important role of As(V) sequestration on iron plaque on the root surface of Cyperaceae was confirmed. In this context, root washing with oxalic acid partially disrupted the iron plaque for the better release of arsenate. 相似文献
79.
80.
截至目前,环境中抗生素的行为及其对生态毒性的影响仍被忽视。这一课题的范畴是宽泛的,涉及到广泛的生物体,包括栖居在各种水生生态系统中的微生物,藻类,无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等。改变这种系统中任何一个组成的平衡破坏了整个系统的平衡。在人类和动物医学中,氟喹诺酮的制造和频繁使用引起了对微生物抗生素耐药性流行率增加的高度关注,而且,除此之外,通过各种途径进入环境生态系统的抗生素母体和代谢物化合物的归趋也引起了环境影响关注。相关研究集中在分析环境样品中氟喹诺酮的存留浓度,并且经常使用动物评估模型来测试急性毒性,但是仍然不清楚在水生环境中低水平慢性接触对生命形态的生态毒性影响中起什么作用。本综述的目的是评估氟喹诺酮在动物和人类医学中的使用水平,确定其传播的途径,突出在淡水环境中的生态毒理学影。
精选自Nicol Janecko, Lucie Pokludova, Jana Blahova, Zdenka Svobodova, Ivan Literak. Implications of fluoroquinolone contamination on the fresh water aquatic environment -A review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 11, pages 2647–2656, November 2016.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3552
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3552/full 相似文献