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921.
Spatial variations of human health risk associated with exposure to chlorination by-products occurring in drinking water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Legay C Rodriguez MJ Sadiq R Sérodes JB Levallois P Proulx F 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):892-901
During disinfection, chlorine reacts with organic matter present in drinking water and forms various undesirable chlorinated by-products (CBPs). This paper describes a study of the spatial variability of human health risk (i.e., cancer effects) from CBP exposure through drinking water in a specific region. The region under study involves nine drinking water distribution systems divided into several zones based on their characteristics. The spatial distribution of cancer risk (CR) was estimated using two years of data (2006-2008) on various CBP species. In this analysis, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) served as surrogates for CBPs. Three possible routes of exposure (i.e., via ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact) were considered for each selected compound. The cancer risk assessment involved estimating a unit risk (R(T)) in each zone of the selected distribution systems. A probabilistic analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations was employed. Risk assessment results showed that cancer risk varied between systems, but also within individual systems. As a result, the population of the same region was not exposed to the same risk associated with CBPs in drinking water. Unacceptable levels (i.e., R(T) > 10(-4)) for the estimated CR were determined for several zones in the studied region. This study demonstrates that a spatial-based analysis performed to represent the spatial distribution of risk estimates can be helpful in identifying suitable risk management strategies. Suggestions for improving the risk analysis procedure are also presented. 相似文献
922.
Boyero L Pearson RG Dudgeon D Graça MA Gessner MO Albariño RJ Ferreira V Yule CM Boulton AJ Arunachalam M Callisto M Chauvet E Ramírez A Chará J Moretti MS Gonçalves JF Helson JE Chará-Serna AM Encalada AC Davies JN Lamothe S Cornejo A Li AO Buria LM Villanueva VD Zúñiga MC Pringle CM 《Ecology》2011,92(9):1839-1848
Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We explored global diversity patterns of a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, the detritivore shredders. This was motivated by the fundamental ecological role of shredders as decomposers of leaf litter and by some records pointing to low shredder diversity and abundance in the tropics, which contrasts with diversity patterns of most major taxa for which broad-scale latitudinal patterns haven been examined. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that shredders are more abundant and diverse in temperate than in tropical streams, and that this pattern is related to the higher temperatures and lower availability of high-quality leaf litter in the tropics. Our comprehensive global survey (129 stream sites from 14 regions on six continents) corroborated the expected latitudinal pattern and showed that shredder distribution (abundance, diversity and assemblage composition) was explained by a combination of factors, including water temperature (some taxa were restricted to cool waters) and biogeography (some taxa were more diverse in particular biogeographic realms). In contrast to our hypothesis, shredder diversity was unrelated to leaf toughness, but it was inversely related to litter diversity. Our findings markedly contrast with global trends of diversity for most taxa, and with the general rule of higher consumer diversity at higher levels of resource diversity. Moreover, they highlight the emerging role of temperature in understanding global patterns of diversity, which is of great relevance in the face of projected global warming. 相似文献
923.
The city is a growing centre of humanitarian concern. Yet, aid agencies, governments and donors are only beginning to comprehend the scale and, importantly, the complexity of the humanitarian challenge in urban areas. Using the case study of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, this paper examines the analytical utility of recent research on complex urban systems in strengthening scholarly understanding of urban disaster risk management, and outlines its operational relevance to disaster preparedness. Drawing on a literature review and 26 interviews with actors from across the Government of Nepal, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, non‐governmental organisations, United Nations agencies, and at‐risk communities, the study argues that complexity can be seen as a defining feature of urban systems and the risks that confront them. To manage risk in these systems effectively, preparedness efforts must be based on adaptive and agile approaches, incorporating the use of network analysis, partnerships, and new technologies. 相似文献
924.
Raphaële Mangione Etienne Voirin-Mathieu Marianne Yvert Nicolas Fries Eve Mousty Vanina Castaigne Françoise Muller Sophie Dreux for the DILDIG Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(3):328-338
Objectives
To define the prognostic markers of fetal dilated bowel loops.Methods
National non-interventional study of 133 consecutive prenatal observations of dilated loops including ultrasound examinations, complementary laboratory tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), outcomes, and postnatal diagnosis.Results
One hundred twenty seven cases were classified according to outcome: Group 1, very severe (n = 43), Group 2, children needing specific care (n = 39), and Group 3, healthy children (n = 45). Prenatal ultrasound scan suggested duodenal obstruction in 30 cases, small bowel obstruction in 81, colonic obstruction in 11, and diffuse dilatation in 5. Diameter of dilated loops did not significantly differ between the groups. A poor prognosis was significantly associated with duodenal obstruction, genetic anomalies (53% vs. 21.8%), including aneuploidies or CFTR gene mutations and abnormal amniotic fluid biochemistry (86.4% vs. 38.7%). A good prognosis was associated with regression of dilatation and normal MRI.Conclusion
In this study, postnatal outcomes for fetuses with intestinal dilatation were best predicted by assessing the level of obstruction with prenatal ultrasound and MRI, determining the presence of associated malformations, amniotic fluid biochemical and genetic testing, and monitoring for regression of bowel dilatation. These results should help inform future guidelines on the prenatal and neonatal management of congenital intestinal obstruction. 相似文献925.
Hipolito Victor Leibnitz Amorim Vanessa Amorim Gleize Philippe Jean Paul Girotto Edivandro Jnior Amrico Cruz Benavides Roberto Sanchez Saul da Silva Luciano Magnago Rachel Faverzani 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(2):452-465
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this article, we present the results of the composite development obtained from polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and aluminum... 相似文献
926.
Silva Thais Silva Maisa Mendonça Florencio Lourdinha Machado Santos Simone 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):2068-2077
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work presents a survey on the management of the home medical care waste (HMCW) from the municipality of Caruaru, an important medical and... 相似文献
927.
Andrade Mariana Carvalho Araujo Nara Santos Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart Ribeiro Daniel Araki Cury Patrícia Ramos dos Santos Jean Nunes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60717-60725
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Studies have shown that domestic waste collectors are exposed to toxicants including infectious pathogens, which may be linked to their oral health... 相似文献
928.
Selmi Taher Enaime Ghizlane Kesraoui Aïda Baçaoui Abdelaziz Seffen Mongi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46580-46591
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work investigates the use of Agave americana fibers (AGF) as a precursor for activated carbon (AC) preparation via chemical activation... 相似文献
929.
Ekici Selçuk Şöhret Yasin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10847-10859
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the last decade, aircraft-induced environmental issues have attracted much research interest. In addition to studies on performance related... 相似文献
930.
Kuzu Müslüm Kandemir Fatih Mehmet Yıldırım Serkan Çağlayan Cüneyt Küçükler Sefa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10818-10831
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the scope of the study, the protective effect of hesperidin (HES), a flavanone glycoside, was investigated against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, SA)... 相似文献