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541.
Natacha Heutte Véronique André Catherine Dubos Arvis Valérie Bouchart Françoise Lemarié Patrick Legendre Edwige Votier Marie-Yolande Louis Stéphane Madelaine Virginie Séguin Stéphanie Gente Philippe Vérité David Garon 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(1):31
Indoor air quality in health care facilities is a major public health concern, particularly for immunocompromised patients who may be exposed to microbiological contaminants such as molds, mycotoxins, endotoxins, and (1,3)-ß-D-glucans. Over 2 years, bioaerosols were collected on a monthly basis in a cancer treatment center (Centre F. Baclesse, Normandy, France), characterized from areas where there was no any particular air treatment. Results showed the complexity of mycoflora in bioaerosols with more than 100 fungal species identified. A list of major strains in hospital environments could be put forward due to the frequency, the concentration level, and/or the capacity to produce mycotoxins in vitro: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium herbarum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Penicillium brevicompactum. The mean levels of viable airborne fungal particles were less than 30.530 CFU per m3 of air and were correlated to the total number of 0.30 to 20 μm particles. Seasonal variations were observed with fungal particle peaks during the summer and autumn. Statistical analysis showed that airborne fungal particle levels depended on the relative humidity level which could be a useful indicator of fungal contamination. Finally, the exposure to airborne mycotoxins was very low (only 3 positive samples), and no mutagenic activity was found in bioaerosols. Nevertheless, some fungal strains such as Aspergillus versicolor or Penicillium brevicompactum showed toxigenic potential in vitro. 相似文献
542.
Caroline Hoyoux Magali Zbinden Sarah Samadi Françoise Gaill Philippe Compère 《Marine Biology》2009,156(12):2421-2439
Wood falls in the deep sea have recently become the focus of studies showing their importance as nutrients on the deep-sea
floor. In such environments, Crustaceans constitute numerically the second-largest group after Mollusks. Many questions have
arisen regarding their trophic role therein. A careful examination of the feeding appendages, gut contents, and gut lining
of Munidopsis
andamanica caught with wood falls revealed this species as a truly original detritivorous species using wood and the biofilm covering
it as two main food sources. Comparing individuals from other geographic areas from substrates not reported highlights the
galatheid crab as specialist of refractory substrates, especially vegetal remains. M.
andamanica also exhibits a resident gut microflora consisting of bacteria and fungi possibly involved in the digestion of wood fragments.
The results suggest that Crustaceans could be full-fledged actors in the food chains of sunken-wood ecosystems and that feeding
habits of some squat lobsters could be different than scavenging. 相似文献
543.
Maud C. O. Ferrari Grant E. Brown François Messier Douglas P. Chivers 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(9):1369-1375
Despite the importance of acquired predator recognition in mediating predator–prey interactions, we know little about the
specific characteristics that prey use to distinguish predators from non-predators. Recent experiments with mammals and fish
indicate that some prey lacking innate predator recognition have the ability to display anti-predator responses upon their
first encounter with those predators if they are similar to predators that the prey has recently learned to recognize. This
phenomenon is referred to as generalization of predator recognition. In this experiment, we documented for the first time
that larval amphibians (woodfrog, Rana sylvatica) have the ability to generalize the recognition of known predators to closely related novel predators. Moreover, we demonstrated
that this ability is dependent on the level of risk associated with the known predator. When red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster (known predator), was paired with simulated low risk, tadpoles displayed fright responses to newts and novel tiger salamanders,
Ambystoma tigrinum, but not to novel African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis. However, when the newt was paired with simulated high risk, tadpoles generalized their responses to both tiger salamanders
and African clawed frogs. Larval anurans seem to have a wider generalization frame than other animals. 相似文献
544.
In this paper, we report an application of neural networks to simulate daily nitrate-nitrogen and suspended sediment fluxes from a small 7.1 km2 agricultural catchment (Melarchez), 70 km east of Paris, France. Nitrate-nitrogen and sediment losses are only a few possible consequences of soil erosion and biochemical applications associated to human activities such as intensive agriculture. Stacked multilayer perceptrons models (MLPs) like the ones explored here are based on commonly available inputs and yet are reasonably accurate considering their simplicity and ease of implementation. Note that the simulation does not resort on water quality flux observations at previous time steps as model inputs, which would be appropriate, for example, to predict the water chemistry of a drinking water plant a few time steps ahead. The water quality fluxes are strictly mapped to historical mean flux values and to hydro-climatic variables such as stream flow, rainfall, and soil moisture index (12 model input candidates in total), allowing its usage even when no flux observations are available. Self-organizing feature maps based on the network structure established by Kohonen were employed first to produce the training and the testing data sets, with the intent to produce statistically close subsets so that any difference in model performance between validation and testing has to be associated to the model and not to the data subsets. The stacked MLPs reached different levels of performance simulating the nitrate-nitrogen flux and the suspended sediment flux. In the first instance, 2-input stacked MLP nitrate-nitrogen simulations, based on the same-day stream flow and on the 80-cm soil moisture index, have a performance of almost 90% according to the efficiency index. On the other hand, the performance of 3-input stacked MLPs (same-day stream flow, same-day historical flux, and same-day stream flow increment) reached a little more than 75% according to the same criterion. The results presented here are deemed already promising enough, and should encourage water resources managers to implement simple models whenever appropriate. 相似文献
545.
Guy Mercier Myriam Chartier Denis Couillard Jean-François Blais 《Environmental management》1999,24(4):517-528
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to leach metals from APCR to render them nonhazardous. The multistage solubilization process involves an alkaline aqueous
phase that removes some Pb. In the second phase, the APCR are acidified to pH 4 with H2SO4, then inoculated with a bacterial culture that has been acclimated in the presence of 2% Fe (FeCl3). Several rinses and decantings achieve removal of the leachable metals. The final step involves the addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 and an increase in the treatment pH prior to the final filtration. Viability of thiobacilli in APCR was poor. Despite this
problem, the removal of Pb was 35.9%, 46.0%, and 68.7% (for APCR containing 1594, 3026, and 5038 mg Pb/kg, respectively),
which demonstrates greater metal removal with increased APCR contamination. Zn removal varied from 68.2% (8273 mg Zn/kg APCR)
to 79.5% (16,873 mg Zn/kg APCR), which was positively correlated to the level of residue contamination, whereas Cu was removed
in the proportions of 26.9% (495 mg Cu/kg APCR) to 68.2% (465 mg Cu/kg APCR). Cadmium removal appeared to be independent of
the level of Cd in the APCR; Cd was removed to the greatest degree, with a variation of 92.0% (129 mg Cd/kg APCR) to 94.7%
(267 mg Cd/kg APCR). The treated APCR were tested using four different leachate tests. The APCR released 43 mg Pb/liter during
contact with water, and 7.40 mg Cd/liter during TCLP [the toxicity characterization leaching procedure of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)]. After biological treatment, the leachate from TCLP was within the acceptance criteria
of the US EPA, if the pH of the APCR was increased to pH 5 after the biological treatment. In the case of the Transport Canada
leaching test, a betterment of the process is required in order to satisfy the stringent regulatory level of 0.5 mg Cd/liter
(0.68 and 0.57 mg/liter). 相似文献
546.
Lors C Ponge JF Martínez Aldaya M Damidot D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2974-2981
Bioassays on aqueous and solid phases of contaminated soils were compared, belonging to a wide array of trophic and response levels and using ecoscores for evaluating ecotoxicological and genotoxicological endpoints. The method was applied to four coke factory soils contaminated mainly with PAHs, but also to a lesser extent by heavy metals and cyanides. Aquatic bioassays do not differ from terrestrial bioassays when scaling soils according to toxicity but they are complementary from the viewpoint of ecological relevance. Both aquatic and terrestrial endpoints are strongly correlated with concentrations of 3-ring PAHs. This evaluation procedure allows us to propose a cost-effective battery which embraces a wide array of test organisms and response levels: it includes two rapid bioassays (Microtox(?) and springtail avoidance), a micronucleus test and three bioassays of a longer duration (algal growth, lettuce germination and springtail reproduction). This battery can be recommended for a cost-effective assessment of polluted/remediated soils. 相似文献
547.
Viel JF Floret N Deconinck E Focant JF De Pauw E Cahn JY 《Environment international》2011,37(2):449-453
Organochlorine chemicals may contribute to an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) within non-occupationally exposed populations. Among these chemicals, dioxins and furans were mainly released by municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) until a recent past in France, a source of exposure that is of public concern. We investigated organochlorines and the risk of NHL among neighbors of a French MSWI with high levels of dioxin emissions (Besan?on, France), using serum concentrations to assess exposure. The study area consisted of three electoral wards, containing or surrounding the MSWI. Pesticides, dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in the serum of 34 newly diagnosed NHL cases (2003-2005) and 34 controls. Risks of NHL associated with each lipid-corrected serum concentration were estimated using exact logistic regression. The pesticides β-hexachlorocyclohexane (odds ratio [OR]=1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-1.12, per 10 ng/g lipid) and p,p' dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.01-1.45, per 10 ng/g lipid) were associated with NHL risk. Evidence indicated an increased NHL risk associated with cumulative WHO(1998)-toxic equivalency factor (TEQ) concentrations (dioxins, OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.03-1.26; furans, OR=1.16, 95% CI=1.03-1.35; dioxin-like PCBs, OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.00-1.07; and total TEQ, OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.05), as well as with non dioxin-like PCBs (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01-1.05, per 10 ng/g lipid). Most congener-specific associations were statistically significant. This study provides strong and consistent support for an association between serum cumulative WHO(1998)-TEQ concentrations, at levels experienced by people residing in the vicinity of a polluting MSWI, and risk of NHL. 相似文献
548.
Sustainability: characteristics and scientific roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
549.
Foltête AS Masfaraud JF Bigorgne E Nahmani J Chaurand P Botta C Labille J Rose J Férard JF Cotelle S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2515-2522
Mineral sunscreen nanocomposites, based on a nano-TiO2 core, coated with aluminium hydroxide and dimethicone films, were submitted to an artificial ageing process. The resulting Altered TiO2 Nanocomposites (ATN) were then tested in the liquid phase on the plant model Vicia faba, which was exposed 48 h to three nominal concentrations: 5, 25 and 50 mg ATN/L. Plant growth, photosystem II maximum quantum yield, genotoxicity (micronucleus test) and phytochelatins levels showed no change compared to controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers remained unchanged in shoots while in roots, glutathione reductase activity decreased at 50 mg ATN/L and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased for 5 and 25 mg ATN/L. Nevertheless, despite the weak response of biological endpoints, ICP-MS measurements revealed high Ti and Al concentrations in roots, and X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy revealed titanium internalization in superficial root tissues. Eventual long-term effects on plants may occur. 相似文献
550.
Jacques-Eric Bergez Françoise Carpy-Goulard Sylvie Paradis Aude Ridier 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(4):951-961
Following the request of local stakeholders, a multidisciplinary group of experts was formed to implement a foresight analysis
of the cash crop sector in the Midi-Pyrénées region. The group developed a four-step multidisciplinary and participatory methodology
that defined the objectives, established a shared diagnosis of the issue raised in the regional cash crop sector, implemented
a foresight analysis, and then created a graphical summary. Three types of working groups (steering, restricted, and expanded)
were involved with well-assigned tasks. The dynamic interactions between the different groups of stakeholders and scientists
and the use of graphics and maps as a medium to identify critical areas, such as zones in which production or environmental
issues, are declining or evolving, enabled a shared view of regional problems. The main contribution of this paper is the
presentation of a participative methodology that enabled co-construction of three shared scenarios based on the combination
of five major uncertainties: (i) change in agricultural markets and international trade; (ii) urbanization and regional planning;
(iii) changing patterns of consumption and product processing; (iv) environmental issues in public policies; and (v) ability
of farmers to implement innovative tools and methods. 相似文献