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41.
Len Wright Paul Chinowsky Kenneth Strzepek Russell Jones Richard Streeter Joel B. Smith Jean-Marc Mayotte Anthony Powell Lesley Jantarasami William Perkins 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(8):939-955
We assessed the potential impacts of increased river flooding from climate change on bridges in the continental United States. Daily precipitation statistics from four climate models and three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1) were used to capture a range of potential changes in climate. Using changes in maximum daily precipitation, we estimated changes to the peak flow rates for the 100-year return period for 2,097 watersheds. These estimates were then combined with information from the National Bridge Inventory database to estimate changes to bridge scour vulnerability. The results indicate that there may be significant potential risks to bridges in the United States from increased precipitation intensities. Approximately 129,000 bridges were found to be currently deficient. Tens of thousands to more than 100,000 bridges could be vulnerable to increased river flows. Results by region vary considerably. In general, more bridges in eastern areas are vulnerable than those in western areas. The highest GHG emissions scenarios result in the largest number of bridges being at risk. The costs of adapting vulnerable bridges to avoid increased damage associated with climate change vary from approximately $140 to $250 billion through the 21st century. If these costs were spread out evenly over the century, the annual costs would be several billion dollars. The costs of protecting the bridges against climate change risks could be reduced by approximately 30% if existing deficient bridges are improved with riprap. 相似文献
42.
Furlan Lorenzo Pozzebon Alberto Duso Carlo Simon-Delso Noa Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Marchand Patrice A. Codato Filippo Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11798-11820
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over-reliance on pesticides for pest control is inflicting serious damage to the environmental services that underpin agricultural productivity. The... 相似文献
43.
Bonmatin Jean-Marc Giorio Chiara Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11709-11715
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
44.
Olle Ericsson Tarja Ahola Fredrik Dahl Filip Karlsson Fredrik Persson Olof Karlberg Fredrik Roos Ida Alftrén Björn Andersson Emelie Barkenäs Ani Boghos Birgit Brandner Jenny Dahlberg Per-Ola Forsgren Niels Francois Anna Gousseva Faizan Hakamali Åsa Janfalk-Carlsson Henrik Johansson Johanna Lundgren Atefeh Mohsenchian Linus Olausson Simon Olofsson Atif Qureshi Björn Skarpås Peter Svahn Anna Sävneby Eva Åström Anna Sahlberg Aino Fianu-Jonasson Jérémie Gautier Jean-Marc Costa Bo Jacobsson Kypros Nicolaides 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):1011-1015
45.
Giorio Chiara Safer Anton Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Tapparo Andrea Lentola Andrea Girolami Vincenzo van Lexmond Maarten Bijleveld Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11716-11748
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been... 相似文献
46.
Although the replacement of feathers apparently represents the major event of somatic production in the annual cycle of wild birds, knowledge about the energetics of molt has always been hampered by logistical and technical difficulties, which are exacerbated by the fact that birds are able to compensate behaviorally to buffer any variation in energy demand. During wing molt, sea ducks (Mergini) and other diving birds lose all of their wing feathers at once, leading to a period of temporary flightlessness of variable duration, a condition that considerably restricts their movements and increases the probability of predation. In the present study, we present the first results aimed at quantifying the duration of flightlessness, energy expenditure, and foraging effort during molt of a wing-propelled diving bird, the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima). Data loggers were implanted in the body cavity of 13 females to record heart rate and hydrostatic pressure (depth) every two seconds for a period of 220 days. Flight frequency and duration were assessed from elevated and constant heart rate, and the absence of flight was used to quantify the duration of flightlessness, which lasted, on average, 36 +/- 8 days (mean +/- SD). Using a period of four weeks before and four weeks after the flightless period, we found that dive depth (ranging from 1 to 2 m, on average) and daily diving time did not vary during the course of the study. Daily metabolic rate increased by 9%, and resting metabolic rate by 12% from the pre-molt period to the flightless period and remained high during the post-molt period. This study indicates that the energetic costs of replacing flight remiges in female eiders are substantial, although this is not associated with any change in foraging effort, which suggests that female Common Eiders lose mass during wing molt. Finally, estimates of energy savings associated with the total absence of flights during wing molt represent 6% of daily metabolic rate or 14% of resting metabolic rate. This finding contrasts with the classical view that little or no benefit is associated with a flightless condition. We suggest that such energy savings may have favored the evolution of temporary flightlessness in diving birds. 相似文献
47.
Lei Zhou Mohamad Sleiman Corinne Ferronato Jean-Marc Chovelon Claire Richard 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(4):733-737
Advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals (SO 4 ·? ) are capable of efficiently degrade organic pollutants from ground, surface and wastewaters. However, this degradation may be limited by aqueous natural organic matter (NOM). Here we measured the absolute rate constants of reaction of SO 4 ·? with four types of organic matter: two fulvic acids and two lake organic matter. We used laser flash photolysis technique to monitor the SO 4 ·? decay and the formation of the transients from organic matters. Reaction rate constants comprised between 1530 and 3500 s?1 mgC?1 L were obtained by numerical analysis of differential equations and the weighted average of the extinction coefficient of the generated organic matters radicals between 400 and 800 M?1 cm?1. 相似文献
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Cytomegalovirus is the main cause of congenital viral infection and amniotic fluid viral load appears to be the single nonclinical prognostic factor. However, as in other infectious diseases, host genetics may influence the severity of the disease. To test this hypothesis, we looked retrospectively at the fetal gender in cases of severe congenital cytomegalovirus infection in our database. We also analyzed the international English literature covering this subject between 1985 and 2003. The proportion of females with brain abnormalities was statistically different from that of males (62/258: 24% vs 30/251: 12%, p = 0.004). The risk of abnormal brain development in infected fetuses was twice as high in females than in males (Chi2 = 8.7; OR = 2, IC [1.26–3.21]). In our cases, amniotic fluid CMV DNA load was not significantly higher in males than in females (p = 0.06) and was also similar in severely and non-severely infected fetuses (p = 0.09). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献