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61.
Sorption is a natural process that takes place in sediments or soils and changes the mobility and availability of hydrophobic organic compounds, such as toxaphene pesticide in the environment. The sorption of the 2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,8,9,10,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1450), used as a model compound of the toxaphene heptachlorobornane congeners found in sediments, was investigated for the first time through a series of batch sorption experiments. The losses of B7-1450 due to adsorption onto glass walls and to evaporation occurring during analytical treatment steps were corrected. The study showed that these specific losses ranged from 2% to 3.5% for the glass walls adsorption and can be as high as 15% for the evaporation treatment. The sorption coefficients, K(d) and K(oc), of B7-1450 could be overestimated by >30%, particularly for low-concentration samples, if the losses were not corrected. Loss correction equations were established, validated and applied to determine sorption coefficients for the B7-1450 congener. The K(oc) values for B7-1450 determined over a gradient of concentrations ranged from 3.5x10(4) to 6.5x10(4)mlg(-1), revealing a strong affinity of B7-1450 for marine sediments. 相似文献
62.
Dyer SD Bernhard MJ Cowan-Ellsberry C Perdu-Durand E Demmerle S Cravedi JP 《Chemosphere》2008,72(5):850-862
Developing regulatory activities (e.g., REACh, [DGEE. 2003. Directorates General Enterprise and Environment. The new EU chemicals legislation REACH. DG Enterprise, Brussels, Belgium. (http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/reach/index_en.htm)]) will require bioaccumulation to be assessed for thousands of chemicals. Further, there is increasing pressure to reduce, refine or replace animal tests. Given this scenario, there is an urgent need to evaluate the feasibility of in vitro systems to supply data useful for bioaccumulation estimation. Subcellular and cellular hepatic systems were tested to determine the biotransformation of two surfactants: C12-2-LAS (2-phenyl dodecane p-sulfonate) and an alcohol ethoxylate C13EO8 (Octaethylene glycol monotridecyl ether). The subcellular systems tested were liver homogenates and microsomes from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cellular systems consisted of primary hepatocytes from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and PLHC-1 cells, hepatocarcinoma cells from the desert topminnow (Poeciliopsis lucida). All in vitro systems were exposed to radiolabeled test compounds and assayed for biotransformation using liquid scintillation and thin layer chromatographic methods. First-order kinetics were used to estimate rates of biotransformation. Bioconcentration of test materials in fish were predicted using an in vitro to in vivo metabolic rate extrapolation model linked to a mass-balance model commonly used to predict bioaccumulation in fish. Subcellular biotransformation rates for each of the surfactants were greatest with microsomes. Cellular loss rates exceeded subcellular rates, leading to lower predicted BCF values. Predicted BCFs corresponded closely to measured values in several fish species, verifying the utility of in vitro systems in refining Kow-only-based BCFs via the inclusion of biotransformation rates. 相似文献
63.
Pham Thi Thu Ha Nomessi Kokutse Sophie Duchesne Jean-Pierre Villeneuve Alain Bélanger Ha Ngoc Hien Babacar Toumbou Duong Ngoc Bach 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(5):1701-1729
In this study, a multi-criteria methodology is proposed to identify and prioritize interventions for water quality improvement with the aid of computer simulation models. The methodology can be used to elaborate and compare future socio-economic development scenarios to select the best interventions based on three criteria: (1) ideas of experts and stakeholders about the importance of scenarios, (2) impacts of each scenario on surface water quality in watershed, and (3) benefit–cost analysis for each scenario. A score is computed for each scenario based on a weighted sum technique which enables to take into consideration different level of importance for the three criteria. The methodology is applied to Cau River basin in Vietnam, with the aid of a computer tool, to assess interventions for river water quality improvement within the context of population growth and urbanization. The results show that fast future population growth in upstream has significant impacts. In 2020, an increase of 116 % of the population in Bac Kan town can lead to an increase of 120 and 135 % in BOD5 and NH4 + median concentrations, respectively, with the implementation of a treatment plant for 10,000 people in Bac Kan town. Therefore, the increase of the domestic wastewater treatment plant’s capacity in Bac Kan town, at least twice as the projection of local government, is necessary. These results will help decision makers to select the best interventions for Cau River basin management. 相似文献
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Laure Mamy Pauline Vrignaud Nathalie Cheviron François Perreau Mehdi Belkacem Agathe Brault Sébastien Breuil Ghislaine Delarue Jean-Pierre Pétraud Isabelle Touton Christian Mougin Véronique Chaplain 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(1):145-150
Soil is damaged by several threats and, among them, chemical contamination by pesticides and compaction. However, the effect of compaction on the fate of pesticides in soil, and the impact of pesticides on soil biological functioning are unknown. Therefore, we studied the effect of soil compaction on the degradation of the herbicide isoproturon, and the impact of this herbicide on an enzyme activity (β-glucosidase) involved in the C soil cycle. Undisturbed soil samples were prepared at different bulk densities, treated with isoproturon then incubated at 18°C in darkness for 63 days. The results showed that soil compaction did not modify significantly the degradation of isoproturon, neither the formation rates nor the nature of its metabolites. Moreover, compaction did not modify the impact of isoproturon on β-glucosidase activity. To our knowledge, these are the first results concerning the interactions between soil compaction and the degradation and impact of a pesticide. 相似文献
66.
Dromard Charlotte R. Devault Damien A. Bouchon-Navaro Yolande Allénou Jean-Pierre Budzinski Hélène Cordonnier Sébastien Tapie Nathalie Reynal Lionel Lemoine Soazig Thomé Jean-Pierre Thouard Emmanuel Monti Dominique Bouchon Claude 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):51-60
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The organochlorine pollution by chlordecone, an insecticide spread in the past in banana plantations, is now recognized as a major ecological,... 相似文献
67.
Dr E. Pannier G. Viot M. C. Aubry G. Grange J. Tantau C. Fallet-Bianco F. Muller D. Cabrol 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(1):25-30
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) or Günther's disease is the rarest form of the porphyrias. The disease is usually diagnosed at birth or during early infancy, but rarely in utero. We describe here the first two cases of very early prenatal expression of CEP with cystic hygroma diagnosed at 14 weeks in the first fetus and at 19 weeks in the second. Both fetuses presented with severe nonimmune hydrops fetalis as early as 19 and 22 weeks, associated with intrauterine growth retardation, hyperechogenic kidneys and bones. Amniotic fluid was dark brown and uro- and coproporphyrin I was dramatically increased. Molecular screening of the CEP gene detected heterozygous C73R mutation in both fetuses, the other parental mutation being as yet unknown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Summary. Most dung beetles colonize the faeces of several vertebrate species without much discrimination, and are thus often considered
as polyphagous. Recent studies have provided evidence for clear feeding preferences in scarab beetles colonizing dung of herbivore
species, but little is known about these insects’ abilities to discriminate among odours from faeces of various herbivores.
In this study, trophic preferences were examined using blocks of pitfall traps baited with dung from four different herbivore
species, i.e., sheep, cattle, horse, and red deer, in a mountainous area of south-central France. 4941 coprophagous scarabs,
belonging to 27 species, were captured. Beetles were more attracted to dung of sheep (2257 individuals) than that of cattle
(1294 individuals), followed by deer dung (768 individuals) and horse dung (622 individuals). Eleven of the 27 beetle species
collected had significant feeding preferences for one of the four dung types. For each insect species, trophic habits did
not vary between the two different sites of trapping, an open pasture and a wooded habitat. In laboratory olfactometer bioassays,
scarab beetles orientated preferentially towards the dung volatiles from the dung type they preferred in the field. Trypocopris pyrenaeus, Anoplotrupes stercorosus, and Aphodius rufipes were more attracted to volatile compounds from sheep dung, Onthophagus fracticornis significantly preferred horse dung volatiles, and Aphodius haemorrhoidalis responded positively to deer dung odours. The role of dung olfactory cues in the process of resource selection by dung beetles
is discussed. 相似文献