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81.
Daniele Costa João Jesus David Branco Anthony Danko António Fiúza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14579-14594
Extensive reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize emerging developments in a specific field and offering information on the current trends in the scientific literature. Shale gas exploration and exploitation has been extensively debated in literature, but a comprehensive review of recent studies on the environmental impacts has yet to be carried out. Therefore, the goal of this article is to systematically examine scientific articles published between 2010 and 2015 and identify recent advances and existing data gaps. The examined articles were classified into six main categories (water resources, atmospheric emissions, land use, induced seismicity, occupational and public health and safety, and other impacts). These categories are analyzed separately to identify specific challenges, possibly existing consensus and data gaps yet remained in the literature. 相似文献
82.
Hipolito Victor Leibnitz Amorim Vanessa Amorim Gleize Philippe Jean Paul Girotto Edivandro Jnior Amrico Cruz Benavides Roberto Sanchez Saul da Silva Luciano Magnago Rachel Faverzani 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(2):452-465
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this article, we present the results of the composite development obtained from polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and aluminum... 相似文献
83.
Carmen Baur Vieira Adriana de Abreu Corrêa Michele Silva de Jesus Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz Peter Wyn-Jones David Kay Mônica Simões Rocha Marize Pereira Miagostovich 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(2):195-207
During the Amazonian flood season in 2012, the Negro River reached its highest level in 110 years, submerging residential and commercial areas which appeared associated with an elevation in the observed gastroenteritis cases in the city of Manaus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological water quality of the Negro River basin during this extreme flood to investigate this apparent association between the illness cases and the population exposed to the contaminated waters. Forty water samples were collected and analysed for classic and emerging enteric viruses. Human adenoviruses, group A rotaviruses and genogroup II noroviruses were detected in 100, 77.5 and 27.5% of the samples, respectively, in concentrations of 103–106 GC/L. All samples were compliant with local bacteriological standards. HAdV2 and 41 and RVA G2, P[6], and P[8] were characterised. Astroviruses, sapoviruses, genogroup IV noroviruses, klasseviruses, bocaviruses and aichiviruses were not detected. Statistical analyses showed correlations between river stage level and reported gastroenteritis cases and, also, significant differences between virus concentrations during this extreme event when compared with normal dry seasons and previous flood seasons of the Negro River. These findings suggest an association between the extreme flood experienced and gastrointestinal cases in the affected areas providing circumstantial evidence of causality between the elevations in enteric viruses in surface waters and reported illness. 相似文献
84.
Lilia Araujo Noreiva Villa Nuris Camargo Maikellys Bustos Theobaldo Garc��a Avismelsi de Jesus Prieto 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(1):13-18
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in natural waters is a potential threat to human nutrition and ecosystem quality. The persistence
of the acidic pharmaceuticals gemfibrozil, naproxen and mefenamic acid was studied in surface waters of Maracaibo Lake and
Tule reservoir (Venezuela) under laboratory conditions. A quick and easy analytical method was developed for the determination
of the acidic drugs at microgram per liter levels using aqueous derivatization, liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals degradation followed a pseudo first-order kinetic and their half-lives were calculated for every
experimental condition. Under sunlight, naproxen and mefenamic acid were degraded at moderate rates with half-lives from 9.6 ± 0.5
to 27.0 ± 6.6 days, while gemfibrozil had a higher persistence (t
1/2 = 119.5 ± 15.6 − 288.8 ± 61.3 days). 相似文献
85.
86.
Andres Kratovits Jaan-Mati Punning 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2001,30(7):443-449
本文详尽阐述了国际环境体制和多边环境协议在波罗的海沿岸三国(爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛)制订本国环境政策过程中所起的作用。将污染物排放趋势与环境状况变化参照国际环境体制进行对比后可以得出结论,正式加入环境公约与环境领域所发生的变化之间并没有明显的联系。这三个波罗的海沿岸国家的做法是,先加入涉及全球性或区域性环境安全的国际环境体制,尔后才接受对于解决其自身环境问题比较重要的协议并加入相关的体制。因此,可以断定,这三个国家在制订自身环境政策过程中把国际法律文件看作是预防性的,而非整治性的。另一方面,它们认为,积极参与多边环境协议,对于在其环境政策方面采取下一个步骤,即接受欧盟的环境政策("欧亚体经验规范")(Acquis Communautaire),将起着巨大推动作用。 相似文献
87.
88.
The present global environmental crisis is demanding serious rather than superficial changes within the cultural assumptions of human-to-human and human-to-nature relationships. In this sense, education is one of the strongest tools to model our future and a key factor of cultural change. One of the principal aims of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is to develop cognitive and affective skills that affect people's values, such as empathy and critical thinking. Together with compromise and responsibility towards a group, it is possible to build new values and ways to interact with both people and the environment. In the present study we used positive psychology principles in creating teaching interventions to empower empathy and critical thinking through an ESD programme at a Chilean primary school. The results show that an intervention of this kind helps to harmoniously build reflective thinking and empathy within students. This enables them to achieve important changes in their disposition to make sound personal and environmental decisions, and prepares them to positively meet imposing present and future challenges. 相似文献
89.
Anne Ganteaume Andrea Camia Marielle Jappiot Jesus San-Miguel-Ayanz Marlène Long-Fournel Corinne Lampin 《Environmental management》2013,51(3):651-662
Knowledge of the causes of forest fires, and of the main driving factors of ignition, is an indispensable step towards effective fire prevention policies. This study analyses the factors driving forest fire ignition in the Mediterranean region including the most common human and environmental factors used for modelling in the European context. Fire ignition factors are compared to spatial and temporal variations of fire occurrence in the region, then are compared to results obtained in other areas of the world, with a special focus on North America (US and Canada) where a significant number of studies has been carried out on this topic. The causes of forest fires are varied and their distribution differs among countries, but may also differ spatially and temporally within the same country. In Europe, and especially in the Mediterranean basin, fires are mostly human-caused mainly due arson. The distance to transport networks and the distance to urban or recreation areas are among the most frequently used human factors in modelling exercises and the Wildland-Urban Interface is increasingly taken into account in the modelling of fire occurrence. Depending on the socio-economic context of the region concerned, factors such as the unemployment rate or variables linked to agricultural activity can explain the ignition of intentional and unintentional fires. Regarding environmental factors, those related to weather, fuel and topography are the most significant drivers of ignition of forest fires, especially in Mediterranean-type regions. For both human and lightning-caused fires, there is a geographical gradient of fire ignition, mainly due to variations in climate and fuel composition but also to population density for instance. The timing of fires depends on their causes. In populated areas, the timing of human-caused fires is closely linked to human activities and peaks in the afternoon whereas, in remote areas, the timing of lightning-caused fires is more linked to weather conditions and the season, with most such fires occurring in summer. 相似文献
90.
Robin E. Dodson E. Andres Houseman Barbara Morin Jonathan I. Levy 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(24):3764-3773
Black carbon (BC), a constituent of particulate matter, is emitted from multiple combustion sources, complicating determination of contributions from individual sources or source categories from monitoring data. In close proximity to an airport, this may include aircraft emissions, other emissions on the airport grounds, and nearby major roadways, and it would be valuable to determine the factors most strongly related to measured BC concentrations. In this study, continuous BC concentrations were measured at five monitoring sites in proximity to a small regional airport in Warwick, Rhode Island from July 2005 to August 2006. Regression was used to model the relative contributions of aircraft and related sources, using real-time flight activity (departures and arrivals) and meteorological data, including mixing height, wind speed and direction. The latter two were included as a nonparametric smooth spatial term using thin-plate splines applied to wind velocity vectors and fit in a linear mixed model framework. Standard errors were computed using a moving-block bootstrap to account for temporal autocorrelation. Results suggest significant positive associations between hourly departures and arrivals at the airport and BC concentrations within the community, with departures having a more substantial impact. Generalized Additive Models for wind speed and direction were consistent with significant contributions from the airport, major highway, and multiple local roads. Additionally, inverse mixing height, temperature, precipitation, and at one location relative humidity, were associated with BC concentrations. Median contribution estimates indicate that aircraft departures and arrivals (and other sources coincident in space and time) contribute to approximately 24–28% of the BC concentrations at the monitoring sites in the community. Our analysis demonstrated that a regression-based approach with detailed meteorological and source characterization can provide insights about source contributions, which could be used to devise control strategies or to provide monitor-based comparisons with source-specific atmospheric dispersion models. 相似文献