低碳氮比进水AAO污水处理厂低碳运行

为探明低碳氮比进水条件下AAO污水处理厂的碳排放特征,提出可行的低碳运行策略,基于排放因子法对7座低碳氮比进水AAO污水处理厂(分为AAO组和AAO-MBR组)运行1a产生的碳排放进行核算与评价,对具有显著低碳表现的污水处理厂开展全流程分析剖析其碳减排途径.结果表明,电耗和N₂O排放是主要碳排放来源,分别贡献49.43%和25.75%的碳排放.AAO-MBR组以间接碳排放为主,电耗碳排放占至约60%,而AAO组生物作用导致的直接碳排放占主导. AAO组平均吨水比碳排放显著低于AAO-MBR组(0.47和0.79kgCO₂eq/m³),更具低碳运行潜力. 7座污水处理厂中,WWTP7各项比碳排放评价指标均为最低,意味着其最具低碳运行能力.充分利用进水碳源,多路径协同脱氮除磷同时精准控制溶解氧浓度避免过曝气是其大幅削减能耗和物耗,实现碳减排的关键路径.     

基于Visual Basic.NET的油气事故应急资源需求预测支持决策系统

针对油气事故后应急资源需求预测困难的问题,在对油气事故特性及应急资源需求类型分析的基础上,构建了基于案例推理(CBR)的油气事故应急资源需求预测模型,并使用Visual Basic.NET及SQL Server数据库开发了油气事故应急资源需求预测支持决策系统。将该系统应用于实际油气事故案例进行验证,结果表明系统中应急资源需求预测模型科学可靠,系统对油气事故应急资源需求预测结果与其实际用量基本吻合。该系统可为油气事故后快速有效开展应急救援活动提供相应的理论依据。     

防弹陶瓷插板的应用性能研究

本文通过介绍防弹陶瓷插板的组成、使用性能、检测标准,结合陶瓷插板防弹机理,深入浅出的论述了防弹陶瓷插板在个体防护领域的应用。     

建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康现状及对策

通过分析现阶段我国建筑行业农民工的常见职业性伤害事故以及职业安全健康现状,从教育、技术、监管3个方面提出了引导农民工学会利用法律、通过合法渠道维护自身权益;改善农民工的就业环境,加强个体防护,讲究文明礼貌,遵守职业行为准则,培养科学、文明、健康的生活方式等具体措施,为农村富余劳动力转移提供更多的就业机会,增加农民收入促进城乡经济协调发展,保障建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康提供科学依据。     

复杂地形对含硫气井应急计划区划分的影响

研究复杂地形对含硫气井应急计划区(EPZ)划分的影响,为高风险油气田的安全生产提供参考。根据含硫气井井口与周边地形的关系,将复杂地形分为3类;选择不同类型复杂地形的3口含硫气井,采用大涡模拟方法模拟不同H2S释放速率、不同风速和风向、不同井喷点火时间的组合条件下H2S大气扩散质量浓度场,积分计算各井H2S毒性负荷的时空分布。在此基础上,研究EPZ半径与H2S释放速率之间的关系,然后建立以H2S释放速率为指标的不同类型复杂地形含硫气井EPZ的划分方法。结果表明第一类模型计算结果明显大于第二类和第三类模型,第三类模型的计算结果最小,此差异随着H2S释放速率增大而愈显著。计算结果合理,方法适用且可行。     

Odorous volatile organic sulfides in wastewater treatment plants in Guangzhou, China

Odorous volatile organic sulfides (VOSs) in headspace atmosphere and wastewaters were identified and quantified synchronously in two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Guangzhou, China. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), with concentrations ranging from 0.66 to 5.41 mg/m3, was the major VOS in air samples. Carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) ranged from 0.01 to 0.21, 0.03 to 0.44, and 0.06 to 1.61 mg/m3, respectively. Methanethiol was not found in any gas samples. The concentrations of DMS in wastewaters ranged from 23.68 to 308.17 mg/m3 and were also the highest values compared with other VOSs, for all of the treatment processes. Methanethiol was detected in all wastewater samples, except that from the aeration tank, which ranged from 113.08 to 216.82 mg/m3. The COS, carbon disulfide, and DMDS in wastewaters ranged from 0.11 to 2.21, 1.37 to 23.29, and 0.24 to 106.75 mg/m3, respectively. Odors from pollution related to VOS were different in the two plants, and they were strongly associated with the characteristics of incoming wastewater and treatment processes. The VOSs in ambient air samples from nearby residential areas downwind of the plant border were also measured, and the results strongly suggested that control measures are needed for odor pollution in the WWTPs to mitigate malodor in the surrounding neighborhoods.     

一起CO2气瓶爆炸事故的检验分析

应用金相检验、化学成分分析、能谱分析等手段，对一起CO2钢瓶爆炸事故原因进行了分析。     

黄土高原半干旱区侧柏林群落土壤呼吸日变化及季节动态变化特征

Desertification is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems around Qinghai Lake. Based on GIS and RS, GIS analysis was used to obtain the information of spatial-temporal change and different pattern of desertification in each county around Qinghai Lake in four phases of 1976, 1987, 1995 and 2006. Using the function of intersect and overlay supported by ARCGIS, with analyzing attributes of vector RS images, we obtained transition data and established transfer matrix of land-use types in recent 30 years, besides, protracted land-use transition maps of all desertification classes. In further, we analyzed transition quantity and direction of desertification in each county, moreover, reconstructed the process of spatial-temporal evolution of desertification. The results are showed below: (1) it′s the transition between desertified land and others but not in the desertified that played the main role in Gangcha and Gonghe County, while the transfer between desertified lands were greater than that with other land-use types in Haiyan County. (2) Extremely severe desertified land mainly distributes in Ketu and Sand Islands that belongs to Haiyan County, and moderate desertified land in riversides of Gangcha County, also, the light desertification expanded too rapidly to become the most desertified land-use type in the surrounding of Qinghai Lake since 1976. (3) By using relative change rate of desertified land, the regional variability rank from top to toe was Gangcha, Haiyan and Gonghe.     

四湖地区猕猴桃高效栽培模式与关键技术

针对地处四湖腹地的湖北省监利县果树资源利用率低及涝洼湿地的地理环境和生态条件 ,提出加快果树资源品种结构的调整 ,监北地势稍高 ,排灌方便的地方大力发展以猕猴桃为主的产业 ,同时利用架面下的行间土地套种蔬菜、瓜类作物、草莓、食用菌以及耐荫湿的中草药植物等立体生态农业的栽培模式 ,达到经济效益和生态效益的同步增长 ,与其相配套的栽培关键技术是采用地下通气排灌暗沟设施 ,重施有机质肥加磷肥 ;高畦壮苗定植 ;巧施追肥 ;适时排灌 ;树盘覆草保墒 ;人工辅助授粉和疏花疏果