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411.
为了积极响应《关于推进污水处理减污降碳协同增效的实施意见》,全面推进城镇污水处理行业的减污降碳,对无锡市某同步化学除磷污水处理厂开展全流程分析,诊断除磷药剂聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)投加对工艺稳定性的影响,探究倒置AAO工艺节药方式。该厂采用缺氧/厌氧/好氧(倒置AAO)工艺,处理规模达15 万m3/d,长期通过投加PAFC保障出水水质稳定。全流程分析发现,该厂一期工艺PAFC药耗逐年增加,尽管实现了TP的高效去除(98%),但残留的PAFC大量回流至厌氧段,导致磷酸盐提前去除,恶化活性污泥(AS)吸磷能力,吸磷速率仅为0.44 mg P/(g SS·h)。因此,进一步开展了一期工艺PAFC药耗调节实验,以期逐步恢复AS吸磷能力。结果表明,将PAFC投加量控制在0.027~0.053 kg/m3即可实现磷酸盐的稳定去除,同时保障污泥沉降性能,而较高投加量的PAFC(≥0.077 kg/m3)将快速去除磷酸盐,并明显抑制好氧吸磷过程。  相似文献   
412.
李翔  王乾  李聪  李怿  崔树阳 《环境工程》2024,42(7):129-134
为确定垂直屏障对污染地下水水动力控制的影响,进而指导水动力阻截技术方案的设计和施工,建立了水动力阻截技术试验装置,在不同工况下进行了试验,结合GMS的模拟结果,发现上游开放式垂直屏障的存在可以在下游污染源附近形成大范围的污染物捕获区,从而延缓污染物的扩散,并使下游监测点的污染物峰值浓度下降。上游开放式垂直屏障的弧长越长,阻截效果越好。上游抽水方案的阻截效果与抽水流量有直接关系:抽水流量越大,在中游形成的捕获区范围越大,污染物扩散越慢,峰值浓度越小。而垂直屏障与上游抽水井的结合可以有效降低控制污染物扩散所必需的抽水流量,从而大大降低上游抽水方案的实施成本。  相似文献   
413.
为精准预测煤矿接噪人员职业健康损害情况,基于分位图法选取健康损害数据影响因素,依据噪声职业健康损害评估方法,以自适应t分布变异因子和麻雀搜索算法(SSA)作为参数优化算法,建立t-SSA-BP煤矿噪声职业健康损害预测模型,利用基准函数测试算法寻优性能,并以陕北地区10个煤矿为研究对象,采用现场调查、理论分析和Matlab仿真模拟方法验证煤矿噪声职业健康损害预测模型。结果表明:噪声暴露强度、个体年龄、接噪工龄和接噪岗位4个指标是煤矿噪声健康损害的影响因素;t-SSA较SSA在4种基准函数上整体精度提升66.0%,5种噪声健康损害神经网络预测模型预测精度从高到低依次为:t-SSA-BP > SSA-BP > PSO-BP > CFA-PSO-RBF > PSO-GRNN,t-SSA-BP预测模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)相比SSA-BP分别降低68.1%、66.7%,决定系数(R2)达0.999,预测精度明显提升,且收敛速度更快。  相似文献   
414.
针对深部隧道不确定性数据匮乏的工程现状,引入区间非概率方法,围绕其在深部隧道支护结构可靠度领域的初步应用开展研究。首先,以深部隧道围岩剪切滑移变形机制为例,采用联合支护模式建立总支护抗力的计算方法;然后,基于区间非概率的理论框架,考虑区间扩张问题的影响,探讨该方法针对深部隧道支护结构可靠度研究的适用性;最后,定义不确定性参数区间变化的波动幅度,分析参数敏感性,揭示单参数波动与多参数波动耦合的不同作用下对支护结构可靠度影响程度的差异性。结果表明:不确定性参数区间的波动幅度越大,非概率可靠度指标的取值越小;且波动耦合的参数数量越多,非概率可靠度指标值的降幅越大,导致对支护结构可靠度的不利影响越显著。  相似文献   
415.
摘 要 结合分子印迹固相萃取对多环芳烃的特异性净化,建立了同位素稀释气相色谱质谱法测定肉制品中16种欧盟优控多环芳烃的分析方法.样品加入7种氘代同位素内标,经正己烷+二氯甲烷(7∶3,V/V)混合溶液提取,分子印迹固相萃取柱净化,选择离子监测模式(SIM)下采集.在1.0-200 ng·mL-1范围内,16种欧盟优控多环芳烃线性相关系数(r)均大于0.9990,不同加标浓度下,回收率为87.1%-114.8%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)(n=6)在1.0%—5.5%范围内,方法的检出限为0.2-0.3 μg·kg-1,定量限为0.6-0.9 μg·kg-1.方法前处理简单高效,灵敏度高,适用大批量肉制品中多环芳烃的快速测定.  相似文献   
416.
近年来,电子废弃物不断增多,电子废弃物处理厂周边环境污染问题严重,有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, TCPP)和铅(Pb)是电子废弃物处理厂2种主要的污染物,对周围环境及人群健康造成影响。目前还没有关于TCPP和Pb联合暴露对水生生物及人类发育影响的相关研究。本研究选用斑马鱼模式生物作为研究对象,探讨Pb(190 μg·L-1)、TCPP(200、2 000、6 000 μg·L-1)单独及联合暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,Pb和低中高3个剂量TCPP单独和联合暴露对斑马鱼的存活率和孵化率无明显影响。同时,Pb和低中2个剂量TCPP单独和联合暴露对斑马鱼脊柱弯曲率和自发运动行为无明显影响。而与TCPP、Pb单独暴露相比,高剂量TCPP联合Pb暴露(Pb: 190 μg·L-1+TCPP: 6 000 μg·L-1)抑制斑马鱼的自发运动(P<0.01),导致其体长下降(P<0.01)、96 hpf(hours post-fertilization, hpf)和120 hpf心率下降(P<0.001)。同时,脊柱发育相关基因(col8a1angsbmp2abmp2brunx2b)和神经发育相关基因(mbp、elavl3、gfap、gap43)表达下调(P<0.05)。以上的实验结果表明,高剂量TCPP联合Pb暴露扰乱脊柱和神经发育相关基因的表达,影响斑马鱼脊柱和神经的早期发育。  相似文献   
417.
药品及个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)在污水生物处理过程会发生生物及化学转化从而生成转化产物,某些转化产物较母体化合物毒性更高。目前对PPCPs转化产物关注不够,转化产物识别方法不明确。本文介绍了污水中PPCPs转化产物的识别流程,系统阐述了样品获取、样品前处理、基于液相色谱串联高分辨质谱的样品检测及质谱数据解析等技术,提出了适合污水中PPCPs转化产物的识别技术。在此基础上,分别阐述了抗生素类、激素类、非甾体抗炎药类、精神类药物及其他PPCPs在污水中的产物识别技术及所识别出的产物及转化反应。本综述为全面识别污水中PPCPs转化产物并采取有效的控制策略提供了参考方法。  相似文献   
418.
    
• Antibiotic azithromycin employed in graphite electrode for EAB biosensor. • Azithromycin at 0.5% dosage increased the sensitivity for toxic formaldehyde. • Azithromycin increased the relative abundance of Geobacter. • Azithromycin regulated thickness of electroactive biofilm. Extensive research has been carried out for improved sensitivity of electroactive biofilm-based sensor (EAB-sensor), which is recognized as a useful tool in water quality early-warning. Antibiotic that is employed widely to treat infection has been proved feasible in this study to regulate the EAB and to increase the EAB-biosensor’s sensitivity. A novel composite electrode was prepared using azithromycin (AZM) and graphite powder (GP), namely AZM@GP electrode, and was employed as the anode in EAB-biosensor. Different dosages of AZM, i.e., 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg, referred to as 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% AZM@GP were under examination. Results showed that EAB-biosensor was greatly benefited from appropriate dosage of AZM (0.5% AZM@GP) with reduced start-up time period, comparatively higher voltage output, more readable electrical signal and increased inhibition rate (30%-65% higher than control sensor with GP electrode) when exposing to toxic formaldehyde. This may be attributed to the fact that AZM inhibited the growth of non-EAM without much influence on the physiologic or metabolism activities of EAM under proper dosage. Further investigation of the biofilm morphology and microbial community analysis suggested that the biofilm formation was optimized with reduced thickness and enriched Geobacter with 0.5% AZM@GP dosage. This novel electrode is easily fabricated and equipped, and therefore would be a promising way to facilitate the practical application of EAB-sensors.  相似文献   
419.
    
● Collaborative treatment of plastics and OS was established to improve oil quality. ● PE addition successfully improved OS pyrolysis process by deploying H/Ceff ratio. ● Higher H/Ceff ratio promoted cracking to obtain more gas and light oil fractions. ● The degradation of PE and OS was promoted each other under their temperature range. Pyrolysis is an effective method to treat oily sludge (OS) due to its balance between oil recovery and nonhazardous disposal. However, tank bottom OS contains a high content of heavy fractions, which creates obstacles for pyrolysis due to the high activation energy. The incomplete cracking of macromolecules and secondary polymerization decreases the oil quality and causes coking during the operation process. This study introduced polyethylene (PE) into OS to deploy the H/Ceff ratio of feedstocks for pyrolysis. A strong interaction between OS and PE during copyrolysis could be observed from the TG/DTG curves. PE tightly participated in OS degradation, while OS also promoted PE degradation at high temperature. Apparent pits were generated in solid residues from copyrolysis, which was attributed to the uniform and violent gas release. In addition to HCN, other nitrogenous and sulphurous pollutants were inhibited. Accordingly, more gas products were attained after PE addition with more value-added compositions of alkanes and alkenes. Although the oil yield decreased after PE addition, the oil products from copyrolysis possessed higher heating values and higher contents of light fractions with short chains as well as paraffins. Consequently, copyrolysis of OS and PE significantly improved the pyrolysis process and resulted in high oil quality.  相似文献   
420.
    
• Water-dispersible nano-pollutions exhibit type-specific toxic effects on E. coli. • Global metabolite profiling was used to characterize metabolic disruption patterns. • Key dysregulated metabolites responsive to nano-pollution exposures were found. • Amino acid metabolism and purine metabolism are perturbed at nano-pollutions. Incomplete separation and recycling of nanoparticles are causing undesirable nanopollution and thus raising great concerns with regard to nanosafety. Since microorganisms are important regulator of physiological processes in many organisms, the interaction between nanopollution and microbial metabolomics and the resultant impact on the host’s health are important but unclear. To investigate how typical nanopollution perturbs microbial growth and metabolism, Escherichia coli (E. coli) in vitro was treated with six water-dispersible nanomaterials (nanoplastic, nanosilver, nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), carbon dots (CDs)) at human-/environment-relevant concentration levels. The nanomaterials exhibited type-specific toxic effects on E. coli growth. Global metabolite profiling was used to characterize metabolic disruption patterns in the model microorganism exposed to different nanopollutants. The percentage of significant metabolites (p<0.05, VIP>1) accounted for 6%–38% of the total 293 identified metabolites in each of the nanomaterial-contaminated bacterial groups. Metabolic results also exhibited significant differences between different nanopollutants and dose levels, revealing type-specific and untypical concentration-dependent metabolic responses. Key metabolites responsive to nanopollution exposures were mainly involved in amino acid and purine metabolisms, where 5, 4, and 7 significant metabolic features were included in arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and purine metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, this study horizontally compared and demonstrated how typical nanopollution perturbs microbial growth and metabolomics in a type-specific manner, which broadens our understanding of the ecotoxicity of nanopollutants on microorganisms.  相似文献   
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