桂林毛村不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸空间变异特征

为了研究岩溶非岩溶交错区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸的空间变异特征及其影响因素,在桂林毛村进行野外观测试验,测定了土壤呼吸速率、δ~(13)C-CO_2值及相应的环境、土壤、植被因子,分析了土壤呼吸的空间变异性及与这些因子之间的关系.结果表明,土壤呼吸速率变化范围为1. 39～5. 31μmol·(m2·s)-1,最高值约为最低值的3. 8倍.毛村不同岩性区下土地利用方式的变化对土壤呼吸具有重要影响,相同岩性区土地利用方式改变前G2点松树林的土壤呼吸速率约为半坡毁林后G1点沙糖桔园的2. 3倍.土壤呼吸导致大气中CO_2浓度增高及δ~(13)C-CO_2值降低,并且两者之间的统计关系可以用反比例函数来描述.结果还发现,在水热条件与全年均值较接近的4月中旬,土地利用方式对土壤呼吸的影响要大于土壤温度、土壤湿度等环境因子.土地利用方式造成的土壤有机碳含量不同是影响土壤呼吸空间变异性的关键因子.在所有观测的生态系统中,土壤呼吸与有机碳含量和全氮含量之间的关系可以用二元线性回归方程描述,并能解释土壤呼吸92. 5%的空间变异性.     

安全生产应急救援指挥联动系统建设方案探究

依托现有的黑龙江省政府电子政务信息系统和安全生产管理信息系统,通过对安全生产应急救援指挥联动系统建设方案的分析和研究,对整个安全生产应急救援指挥联动系统的总体构架、基础平台构架进行了初步探索。     

湖泊健康评价指标体系及评价方法初探

湖泊健康评价是进行湖泊监测和管理的基础。丰富了湖泊生态系统健康的概念,指出其应当考虑湖泊的各种服务功能。以湖泊生态系统健康概念为基础,构建了湖泊健康评价指标体系,给出16个综合评价指标及各指标评分方法。以四川大学明远湖为例,采用层次分析法（AHP）计算各指标权重,对其进行健康评价,得出健康综合指数为3.55,表明整个湖泊处于＂较健康＂状态,分析了影响湖泊健康状态的疾病因子及湖泊的生态修复方法。     

Calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement of an urban river system and its deployment: A case study in Beijing central region

The minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system and water deployment are key elements in integrated water resources planning and urban ecological construction. Based on a review of ecological water requirement calculation methods and considering the different ecological functions of an urban river system, the ecological function method was used in this paper to calculate the components of the ecological water requirements of an urban river. An envelope curve-based method was proposed for assessing the minimum ecological water requirements of an urban river system. Water resources deployment strategies designed to meet the minimum ecological water requirements were described. Then, the minimum ecological water requirements of the urban river system in Beijing central region, selected as a case study, were investigated. The key parameters for assessing the minimum ecological water requirement in the Beijing urban river system were determined. Based on the ecological objectives and the current status of the different urban river systems within the Beijing central region, the minimum ecological water requirements were calculated. Different types of water sources, including rainwater, upstream water, and reclaimed water, were deployed to meet the ecological water requirements for the urban river system in the Beijing central region.     

苯并[a]芘对马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的研究

通过单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验)研究了苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤。结果显示,在相同暴露时间内,不同质量浓度的B[a]P均能引起马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤。4μg.L-1 B[a]P处理组DNA含量、彗尾长度和Olive尾矩均最大,分别为34.39%、281.73和60.31μm。随着暴露时间的延长,彗星尾长明显增加,表现出明显的时间-效应关系,而DNA含量和Olive尾矩没有呈现出规律性变化。此外,在不同的染毒时间内,对照组和各处理组之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),3个指标具有很好的一致性。研究表明,彗星试验是检测B[a]P对马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的一种有效手段,马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤可作为指示B[a]P污染的一种有效生物标志物用于早期预警监测。     

Improving the effectiveness of planning EIA (PEIA) in China: Integrating planning and assessment during the preparation of Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan

The enactment and implementation of the 2003 EIA Law in China institutionalised the role of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA). While the philosophy, methodology and mechanisms of PEIA have gradually permeated through the various levels of government with a positive effect on the process and outcome of urban planning, only a few cities in China have so far carried out PEIA as a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)-type procedure. One such case is the southern city of Shenzhen. During the past three decades, Shenzhen has grown from a small town to a large and booming city as China has successfully and rapidly developed its economy by adopting the “reform and open door” policy. In response to the challenges arising from the generally divergent processes of rapid urbanisation, economic transformation and environment protection, Shenzhen has incrementally adopted the SEA concept in developing the city's Master Urban Plan. As such, this paper reviews the effectiveness of PEIA in three ways:

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  as a tool and process for achieving more sustainable and strategic planning;

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  to determine the level of integration of SEA within the planning system; and,

• • 

  its effectiveness vis-à-vis implementation.

The implementation of PEIA within Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan offers important insights into the emergence of innovative practices in undertaking PEIA as well as theoretical contributions to the field, especially in exploring the relationship between PEIA and SEA and highlighting the central role of local governing institutions in SEA development.     

盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维对铅离子的吸附性能研究

制备了盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维,采用SEM、IR对其结构与形貌进行了表征。考察了该新型吸附剂对P2+b的吸附性能。并探讨了盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维对P2+b的吸附机理,获得相关热力学参数,表明盐酸掺杂聚苯胺纤维对P2+b去除效果良好,是一种很有应用前景的水处理剂。     

Exploring development and evolutionary trends in carbon offset research: a bibliometric perspective

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study proposes a bibliometric measure to visualize and analyze the research status and development trend of carbon offset based on 1,581 articles...     

Farming practices and deficit irrigation management improve winter wheat crop water productivity and biomass through mitigated greenhouse gas intensity under semi-arid regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding the greenhouse gas emissions mechanism from the agricultural soils is essential to reach an agricultural system with a lower impact on...     

Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications

Oviraptorids are a group of specialized non-avian theropod dinosaurs that were generally one to 8 m in body length. New specimens of baby oviraptorids from the Late Cretaceous of Henan Province are some of the smallest individuals known. They include diagnostic characters such as the relative position of the antorbital fenestra and the external naris, distinct opening in the premaxilla anteroventral to the external naris, antorbital fossa partly bordered by premaxilla posterodorsally, lacrimal process of premaxilla does not contact the anterodorsal process of the lacrimal, parietal almost as long as frontal; in dorsal view, posterior margin forms a straight line between the postzygapophyses in each of the fourth and fifth cervicals; femur longer than ilium. They also elucidate the ontogenetic processes of oviraptorids, including fusion of cranial elements and changes in relative body proportions. Hind limb proportions are constant in oviraptorids, regardless of absolute body size or ontogenetic stage. This suggests a sedentary lifestyle that did not involve the pursuit of similar-sized prey. The functional implications for bite force and therefore dietary preferences are better understood through the study of such small animals. The comparison of the measurements of 115 skeletons indicates that oviraptorids maintain their hind limb proportions regardless of ontogenetic stage or absolute size, which is a pattern seen more commonly in herbivores than in carnivores. This may weakly support the hypothesis that oviraptorids are herbivores rather than active carnivores.