Incidence rates and risk factors for injury events in high school students in Lijin County, China

PROBLEM: Most investigations of injuries among Chinese populations are focused on urban or better developed areas, fewer on rural or poor areas. METHODS: From September 21 to 27, 2002, an epidemiological investigation of eight kinds of injury-related events was carried out among 1,944 students in 39 classes randomly sampled from middle schools in Lijin County, a rural area. The eight kinds of events were: (a) traffic accidents, (b) poisoning, (c) fall, (d) burn or scald, (e) blunt or sharp tools contact, (f) electrical contact, (g) animal or insect bites, and (h) non-fatal drowning. RESULTS: The total incidence rate of eight kinds of injuries in the previous year was 21.1%. The incidence rate among boys was 24.2%, while that among girls was 17.4%, which was significant (chi-square=13.4, P<0.05). The incidence rate among junior high school students was 23.1%, while that among senior high school students was 15.5%, which was also significant (chi-square=13.2, P<0.05). A case-control study of 410 students with at least one of eight kinds of injury events indicated that students' gender and their mothers' health status were related to their injuries. CONCLUSION: The injury incidence rate in a rural area was less than other results in urban or developed areas. Students' gender and mothers' health status were important factors associated with the occurrence of injury. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In order to improve the surroundings of the growing population of adolescents, some preventive measures should be put forward, especially to the high-risk students of injury.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aerosol in Beijing, China, measured by aminopropylsilane chemically-bonded stationary-phase column chromatography and HPLC/fluorescence detection

We developed a useful analytical method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations in the aerosol of China. We used an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method for the extraction of PAHs from the aerosol samples, in order to reduce the extraction time and the solvent volume used. The optimum purification method was developed, with aminopropylsilane chemically-bonded stationary-phase column chromatography, in order to remove many co-extractives which cannot be removed by conventional purification methods using silica-gel column chromatography. HPLC/fluorescence detection (FLD) was adopted as the analytical method, because it has very high sensitivity to PAH and it is easy to install, operate, and maintain as compared with GC/MS. With the analytical method developed in this study, the recovery and precision (RSD) for most of the PAHs ranged from 75% to 129% and from 2.8% to 22.7%, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in the aerosol samples collected from October 2003 to April 2005 in Beijing, China were determined using the newly developed method. SigmaPAHs, which is the sum of the concentrations of all detected PAHs, was 177.8 +/- 239.9 ng m(-3) (n = 64). The SigmaPAHs concentration in the heating season (305.1 +/- 279.0 ng m(-3), n = 33) was 7.2 times higher than that in the non-heating season (42.3 +/- 32.0 ng m(-3), n = 31). These strong seasonal variations in atmospheric PAH concentration are possibly due to coal combustion for residential heating in winter.     

三丁基氯化锡对红鳍笛鲷的急性毒性及不同组织生化指标的影响

为研究有机锡化合物对海洋生物抗氧化防御系统和神经系统的影响,以我国东南沿海常见的中下层增养殖鱼类红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythopterus)幼鱼为实验生物,采用半静态毒性实验方法,分别研究了三丁基氯化锡(tributyltin chloride,TBTCl)的急性毒性和96 h暴露时间内对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼鳃、脑和...     

利用百合(Lilium davidii)根尖细胞的微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的探讨

首次报道了利用百合根尖细胞微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的可行性和优越性。实验证明,百合根尖比蚕豆根尖细胞的微核细胞率更敏感。     

在役管道防腐层的失效与维修

介绍了管道防腐层失效的原因和方式,指出水和氧气是防腐层失效的原因,含水量和含氧量决定腐蚀程度,提出对防腐层及时检查与修复等措施.     

列车垃圾:铁道沿线的老公害

据调查,每名旅客乘车一天,产生“流动垃圾”250克;一列旅客列车运行一天,平均产生“流动垃圾”0．5吨;全国每天产生列车垃圾近500吨,相当于一个省会城市日产垃圾量的一半。     

地震留下的遗憾--远古三大奇观毁于地震

希腊人费隆·拜占廷记录了远古七大奇观清单,它们包括埃及的金字塔、巴比伦空中花园、阿苔密斯神殿、摩索拉斯陵墓、宙斯神像、亚历山大港灯塔、罗德岛上的太阳神铜像.当七大奇观的记录者写下这份清单的时候,巴比伦空中花园早已烟消云散了;阿苔密斯神殿毁于公元前550年的战争,神殿成了后人的采石场;众神之王宙斯神像公元4世纪毁于一场大火;金字塔则穿越了4000年岁月,守住了永恒.而摩索拉斯陵墓,亚历山大港灯塔和太阳神铜像均毁于地震.     

Research on Corrosion Allowanee and Residual Life of the Oil Pipeline Based on the Allowable Reliability

分析认为输油管道的最大腐蚀深度符合Ⅰ型极大值分布,基于许用可靠度,建立了2个计算公式:①确定输油管道的腐蚀裕量;②确定输油管道的腐蚀剩余寿命.实例验证了方法的有效合理性.     

油品真实蒸汽压多元非线性回归

油品蒸气压是从事油品蒸发损耗研究、计算油品蒸发损耗量的重要参数,但是仅有美国石油学会给出的诺模图,给利用计算机来计算储罐蒸发损耗带来了很大困难.为了利用计算机来计算储罐的蒸发损耗,运用Excel中的回归功能,对原始数据进行必要的转换,进行了真实蒸气压的多元非线性回归,回归出了油品真实蒸气压计算公式.结果显示,回归的方程具有很高的精度,利用回归方程编制了计算软件,为储罐蒸发损耗计算提供帮助.     

不同温度条件下生态减污袋去除模拟污水中氨氮及磷的效果研究

研究在低温和常温条件下不同比例砂土与黏土混合制成的生态减污袋对模拟污水中氨氮及磷的去除效果。试验模拟污水中氨氮及磷的质量浓度分别为10 mg/L和1 mg/L,生态减污袋中砂土和黏土的质量比分别为1∶1、5∶1和10∶1,温度控制在22℃和4℃。结果表明,低温条件下砂土与黏土比例为1∶1的减污袋对模拟污水中氨氮和磷的去除率分别达到67%和38%;而砂土与黏土比例为10∶1的减污袋对低温条件下模拟污水中氨氮和磷的去除率均最低,分别为32%和28%,其对常温条件下污水中氨氮和磷的去除率也分别只有48%和52%。对比常温条件下的试验,低温条件下生态减污袋的去除效果明显偏低。由于黏土颗粒具有较大的比表面积和较好的离子交换能力,因此应选择黏土含量较高的生态减污袋,以在低温条件下保持良好的去氮除磷效果。