IFC化肥增效剂对盆栽小白菜的生物效应和环境效应

IFC化肥增效剂在盆栽小白菜上的应用试验表明:与单独施用碳铵处理相比,施用碳铵 IFC化肥增效剂可使小白菜鲜重增加8.97%(P＜0.01),干重增加3.45%(P＜0.05),吸氮总量增加8.70%(P＜0.01),NO-3-N含量降低30.10%(P＜0.01),但含氮率无明显变化.IFC在小白菜上的应用效果好于常用氮肥增效剂双氰胺.适量施用IFC化肥增效剂使土壤氨化强度略有增加,能在一定程度上抑制土壤反硝化作用,但对土壤微生物生物量未产生明显影响.     

The performance of RAMS in representing the convective boundary layer structure in a very steep valley

Data from a comprehensive field study in the Riviera Valley of Southern Switzerland are used to investigate convective boundary layer structure in a steep valley and to evaluate wind and temperature fields, convective boundary layer height, and surface sensible heat fluxes as predicted by the mesoscale model RAMS. Current parameterizations of surface and boundary layer processes in RAMS, as well as in other mesoscale models, are based on scaling laws strictly valid only for flat topography and uniform land cover. Model evaluation is required to investigate whether this limits the applicability of RAMS in steep, inhomogeneous terrain. One clear-sky day with light synoptic winds is selected from the field study. Observed temperature structure across and along the valley is nearly homogeneous while wind structure is complex with a wind speed maximum on one side of the valley. Upvalley flows are not purely thermally driven and mechanical effects near the valley entrance also affect the wind structure. RAMS captured many of the observed boundary layer characteristics within the steep valley. The wind field, temperature structure, and convective boundary layer height in the valley are qualitatively simulated by RAMS, but the horizontal temperature structure across and along the valley is less homogeneous in the model than in the observations. The model reproduced the observed net radiation, except around sunset and sunrise when RAMS does not take into account the shadows cast by the surrounding topography. The observed sensible heat fluxes fall within the range of simulated values at grid points surrounding the measurement sites. Some of the scatter between observed and simulated turbulent sensible heat fluxes are due to sub-grid scale effects related to local topography.     

农药废水中有机硫、磷污染物湿式空气氧化反应的研究

以o,o-二甲氧基或o,o-二乙氧基硫代磷酰氯废水为典型废水,在180—230℃,氧气压力为0.7—1.5MPa的反应条件下,在2L的不锈钢高压釜中,研究了农药废水中有机硫磷化合物在湿式空气氧化过程中的降解机制。实验结果表明,有机硫磷化合物分子中的有机硫通过氧化反应降解为硫酸,有机磷通过水解反应降解为磷酸。有机硫氧化生成的硫酸是废水湿式空气氧化过程中酸度增加的主要来源,酸性条件比碱性条件更利于有机硫磷化合物的湿式空气氧化降解。     

黄土高原沟坡地土地生产力评价的指标体系与评价方法

通过对渭北黄土高原地区沟坡地土壤理化性质的分析和对当地社会经济状况的调查研究,应用层次分析法对沟坡地土地自然生产力和现实生产力进行了分析和评价.在分析过程中,把当地主要造林树种根系垂直分布特征及其根系抗旱性特性纳入了分析评价体系.结果表明,嘴头村和西坡村不同树种沟坡地上刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)的自然生产力属于中等稍微偏上水平,而山杏(Prunus armeniacia var. ansu)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)的自然生产力水平则较低.两地沟坡地上的现实生产力计算结果则证明刺槐和山杏两个树种表现出了较高的水平,具有较好的发展前途;而油松和侧柏的现实生产力水平则较低,其发展推广受到了限制.群众对沟坡开发治理的态度和对开发方案的认可对沟坡开发的成功起到了重要作用.     

炼焦污水零排放技术初探

本文介绍了炼焦污水零排小试结果,试验中采用新型大孔吸附树脂脱酚,蒸汽汽提脱氨,处理后的污水用作熄焦补充水.试验证明该零排放方案是可行的.     

废水的生物脱氮除磷新工艺的设想

结合废水生物脱氮除磷机理和影响因素，在对几种典型脱氮除磷工艺氮、磷去除率进行比较的基础上，解析了一些典型工艺除氮除磷不足之处。根据重庆城市污水水质实际情况和地形的特点，设想一种新的生物脱 氮除磷工艺，从而弥补传统工艺的不足。可望提高系统的脱氮和除磷效率，达到更好的脱氮除磷的目的，减少对水体的污染。     

试论江西省环境监理稽查

分析了环境监理稽查的分类和内容，结合江西省面临的环境保护问题，阐述了加强环境监理稽查工作的必要性和紧迫性。     

板料拉延成形中应力状态的研究

在采用Hill关于各向异性材料的修正屈服函数,并运用板块分析方法对板料轴对称成形进行数值模拟的基础上,着重分析了拉延成形中悬空区域材料的应力状态,提出了对该区域应力状态过渡点即周向应力为零的应力分界圆进行数值求解的公式及方法,同时对影响该分界圆位置的诸因素进行了细致分析.     

Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

The real-time detection of the mixing states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs in ambient particles is of great significance for analyzing the source, aging process, and health effects of PAHs and nitro-PAHs; yet there is still few effective technology to achieve this type of detection. In this study, 11 types of PAH and nitro-PAH standard samples were analyzed using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in lab studies. The identification principles ‘parent ions’ and ‘mass-to-charge (m/z) = 77’ of each compound were obtained in this study. It was found that different laser energies did not affect the identification of the parent ions. The comparative experiments of ambient atmospheric particles, cooking and biomass burning emitted particles with and without the addition of PAHs were conducted and ruled out the interferences from primary and secondary organics on the identification of PAHs. Besides, the reliability of the characteristic ions extraction method was evaluated through the comparative study of similarity algorithm and deep learning algorithm. In addition, the real PAH-containing particles from vehicle exhaust emissions and ambient particles were also analyzed. This study improves the ability of single particle mass spectrometry technology to detect PAHs and nitro-PAHs, and HP-SPAMS was superior to SPAMS for detecting single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs. This study provides support for subsequent ambient observations to identify the characteristic spectrum of single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs.     

膨胀珍珠岩负载TiO2光催化脱色性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料 ,膨胀珍珠岩为载体 ,用溶胶 -凝胶法制备可漂浮于水面的负载型TiO2 。利用该负载型TiO2 对罗丹明B(RB)进行光催化脱色实验 ,结果表明 ,浸渍 3次的负载型TiO2 光催化活性最高 ,催化剂最佳用量为 5 0 0mg/10 0mLRB ,经 5h光照 ,对 10 0mL浓度为 1mg/L和 2 .5mg/LRB脱色率分别为 76 .6 7%和 4 7.2 7% ;该催化剂使用寿命长 ,2 5h后催化剂脱色性能没有减弱 ,可重复使用 ;经 8h光照 ,染料废水脱色效果好。