高镁镍铁渣基草酸盐化学键合材料的制备及性能

为提高镍铁渣(FS)的综合利用率,提出利用FS与草酸(OA)反应制备镍铁渣基草酸盐化学键合材料(FS-OCBCMs),主要考察了m(FS/OA)质量比、水灰质量比(m(W/C))、粉煤灰(FA)掺量、缓凝剂种类及掺量对材料凝结时间和力学性能的影响,并采用XRD和SEM分析手段,表征了材料的物相组成和微观结构。结果表明:随m(FS/OA)的增加,凝结时间先减小后增大,抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势;当m(W/C)=0.14～0.17时,材料28 d时抗压强度均达到33 MPa以上;当m(W/C)0.17时,抗压强度随之降低。FA掺量对材料早期抗压强度影响较大,随FA的增加,早期强度不断降低,而后期强度与未掺FA材料的抗压强度接近。缓凝剂硼砂(B)掺入具有较好的缓凝作用,且掺量为1%时,材料力学性能最好,28 d时抗压强度可达45 MPa,而三聚磷酸钠(P)的掺入,不具有缓凝作用,还使凝结时间大幅度降低;当掺量为5%时,凝结时间降到14 min,且对材料早期强度影响较大。FS-OCBCMs的主要产物为结晶较好的MgC_2O_4·2H_2O,且当掺入1%的B时,产物结晶更好,同时提高了材料的抗压强度。以上研究结果对于实现高镁镍铁渣的资源化利用具有一定的指导意义。     

Feasibility of iron scraps for enhancing nitrification of domestic wastewater at low temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of an effective approach to improve low-temperature nitrification of domestic wastewater remains an important issue that needs to be...     

Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.     

铸造起重机多单元装配与耦合建模分析

结构建模分析是工程应用领域中应用较为普遍的一种分析设计方法,对于简单的几何模型实体单元不仅能够得到较高的精度而且能够很好地再现结构受力特性,应力云图具有较高的展示度,而对于复杂的几何模型,实体模型不仅消耗大量的建模时间,而且求解时间也相对较长.文中分析了Solid-Shell-Beam(S-S-B)多单元建模及耦合技术原理,建立了铸造起重机S-S-B多单元装配模型,通过S-S-B多单元模型与实体模型的对比分析,验证了S-S-B单元装配模型计算准确性,最后利用S-S-B单元耦合分析方法计算了铸造起重机在空载、满载、偏载等典型工况下的结构受力情况,为铸造起重机的设计、校核及使用维护提供技术支撑.     

The dispersion,stability, and resuspension of C60 in environmental water matrices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental waters cover a range of water quality characteristics which could greatly affect the behavior and fate of C60 in the aquatic...     

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland,Tianjin, China: occurrence,distribution characteristics,and ecological risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and ecological risks of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the surface waters of the...     

Binding and detoxification of chlorpyrifos by lactic acid bacteria on rice straw silage fermentation

This investigation examined the reduction of pesticide residues on straw inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during ensiling. Lactobacillus casei WYS3 was isolated from rice straw that contained pesticide residues. Non-sterilized rice straw, which was inoculated with L. casei WYS3, showed increased removal of chlorpyrifos after ensiling, compared with rice straw that was not inoculated with L. casei WYS3 or sterilized rice straw. In pure culture, these strains can bind chlorpyrifos as indicated by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Viable L. casei WYS3 was shown to bind 33.3–42% of exogenously added chlorpyrifos. These results are similar to those of acid-treated cells but less than those of heat-treated cells, which were found to bind 32.0% and 77.2% of the added chlorpyrifos respectively. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis determined that L. casei WYS3 detoxified chlorpyrifos via P-O-C cleavage. Real-time polymerized chain reaction analysis determined that organophosphorus hydrolase gene expression tripled after the addition of chlorpyrifos to LAB cultures, compared with the control group (without chlorpyrifos). This paper highlights the potential use of LAB starter cultures for the detoxification and removal of chlorpyrifos residues in the environment.     

Fabrication of electrochemically-modified BiVO4-MoS2-Co3O4composite film for bisphenol A degradation

A new electrochemically-modified BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ (represented as E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄) thin film electrode was successfully synthesized for environmental application. MoS₂ and Co₃O₄ were grown on the surface of BiVO₄ to obtain BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄. E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ film was achieved by further electrochemical treatment of BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄. The as-prepared E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ exhibited significantly enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity. The photocurrent density of E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ thin film is 6.6 times that of BiVO₄ under visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ for bisphenol A pollutant was 81.56% in photoelectrochemical process. The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant of E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ film is 3.22 times higher than that of BiVO₄. And its reaction rate constant in photoelectrocatalytic process is 14.5 times or 2 times that in photocatalytic or electrocatalytic process, respectively. The improved performance of E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ was attributed to the synergetic effects of the reduction of interfacial charge transfer resistance, the formation of oxygen vacancies and sub-stoichiometric metal oxides and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. E-BiVO₄-MoS₂-Co₃O₄ is a promising composite material for pollutants removal.     

车用氢能产业链安全事故分析及防范探讨

对近年来国外氢能制取与纯化、氢能运输、供氢母站及加氢站等环节的安全事故进行统计,结合氢能本身特性分析得出各环节存在的主要安全风险,并参考和借鉴美国、日本等国车用氢能安全生产实践经验,提出氢能安全利用对策。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定土壤中多环芳烃

通过索氏提取和固相萃取等方法提取富集土壤中多环芳烃,利用高效液相色谱和紫外检测器检测,可稳定和准确地检测土壤中的多环芳烃。本方法加标回收率在82.7%⁹6.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于10%。