Kinetics of nitrobenzene degradation coupled to indigenous microorganism dissimilatory iron reduction stimulated by emulsified vegetable oil

Widespread contamination by nitrobenzene(NB) in sediments and groundwater requires better understanding of the biogeochemical removal process of the pollutant. NB degradation, coupled with dissimilatory iron reduction, is one of the most efficient pollutant removal methods. However, research on NB degradation coupled to indigenous microorganism dissimilatory iron reduction stimulated by electron donors is still experimental. A model for remediation in an actual polluted site does not currently exist.Therefore, in this study, the dynamics was derived from the Michaelis–Menten model(when the mass ratio of emulsified vegetable oil and NB reached the critical value 91:1). The effect of SO_4~(2-), NO_3~-, Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+), and the grain size of aquifer media on the dynamics were studied, and the NB degradation dynamic model was then modified based on the most significant factors. Utilizing the model, the remediation time could be calculated in a contaminated site.     

Removal of Cs from water and soil by ammonium-pillared montmorillonite/Fe3O4 composite

To remove cesium ions from water and soil, a novel adsorbent was synthesized by following a one-step co-precipitation method and using non-toxic raw materials. By combining ammonium-pillared montmorillonite (MMT) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄), an MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite was prepared and characterized. The adsorbent exhibited high selectivity of Cs⁺ and could be rapidly separated from the mixed solution under an external magnetic field. Above all, the adsorbent had high removal efficiency in cesium-contaminated samples (water and soil) and also showed good recycling performance, indicating that the MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite could be widely applied to the remediation of cesium-contaminated environments. It was observed that the pH, solid/liquid ratio and initial concentration affected adsorption capacity. In the presence of coexisting ions, the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of Ca^2 + > Mg^2 + > K⁺ > Na⁺, which is consistent with our theoretical prediction. The adsorption behavior of this new adsorbent could be expressed by the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of Cs⁺ was NH₄⁺ ion exchange and surface hydroxyl group coordination, with the former being more predominant.     

Highly efficient Zr doped-TiO2/glass fiber photocatalyst and its performance in formaldehyde removal under visible light

Zr-doped-TiO_2 loaded glass fiber(ZT/GF) composite photocatalysts with different Zr/Ti ratios were prepared with a sol–gel process. Zr4+can replace Ti4+in the TiO_2 lattice, which is conducive to forming the anatase phase and reducing the calcination temperature. The glass fiber carrier was responsible for better dispersion and loading of Zr-doped-TiO_2 particles, improving the applicability of the Zr-doped-TiO_2. The ZT/GF photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy(UV–vis) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda(BJH). The performance of photocatalysts with different loading was evaluated in formaldehyde degradation under visible light at room temperature. ZT/GF0.2exhibited the highest activity, with a formaldehyde removal rate as high as 95.14% being observed, which is better than that of the photocatalyst particles alone. The stability of the catalyst was also tested, and ZT/GF exhibited excellent catalytic performance with 94.38%removal efficiency, even after seven uses.     

Seasonal variations of water quality response to land use metrics at multi-spatial scales in the Yangtze River basin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land use pattern is increasingly regarded as an important determinant of environmental quality and regional ecosystems. Understanding the correlation...     

Implications for emergency response to the severe odor incident occurred in source water: Potential odorants and control strategy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures...     

Application of different foliar iron fertilizers for enhancing the growth and antioxidant capacity of rice and minimizing cadmium accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Iron (Fe) fertilizer can reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and toxicity in rice, but the underlying mechanisms of Cd mitigation by different fertilizers are...     

Potential ecological and health risk assessment of different kiwifruit orchards in Qianjiang district,Chongqing city,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal (HM) pollution in orchards is becoming serious in many countries, and some fruit HMs exceed the safety limits. In this study, contents of...     

石灰、羟基磷灰石、秸秆生物炭对烟草吸收镉的影响

烟草是我国重要经济作物且极易吸收镉(Cd),如何降低烟草Cd含量已引起广泛关注。通过盆栽实验,在Cd(0.83 mg·kg^(-1)和12 mg·kg(-1)和12 mg·kg^(-1))污染土壤中添加2 g·kg(-1))污染土壤中添加2 g·kg^(-1)或16 g·kg(-1)或16 g·kg^(-1)石灰(Ca(OH)_2)、羟基磷灰石(HAP)或秸秆生物炭,分析3种钝化材料对土壤Cd的钝化效率及烟草Cd吸收的降低效率。结果表明：(1)种植60 d后,施用16 g·kg(-1)石灰(Ca(OH)_2)、羟基磷灰石(HAP)或秸秆生物炭,分析3种钝化材料对土壤Cd的钝化效率及烟草Cd吸收的降低效率。结果表明：(1)种植60 d后,施用16 g·kg^(-1)石灰或HAP均显著(P<0.05)提高土壤pH值,轻微(0.83 mg·kg(-1)石灰或HAP均显著(P<0.05)提高土壤pH值,轻微(0.83 mg·kg^(-1)Cd)、中度(12 mg·kg(-1)Cd)、中度(12 mg·kg^(-1)Cd)Cd污染土壤pH值分别提高1.98～2.84和1.99～3.06;(2)3种钝化材料均使土壤Cd有效态含量降低,其中,16 g·kg(-1)Cd)Cd污染土壤pH值分别提高1.98～2.84和1.99～3.06;(2)3种钝化材料均使土壤Cd有效态含量降低,其中,16 g·kg^(-1)石灰使土壤Cd有效态含量降低69.7%～71.5%;(3)生物炭(2 g·kg(-1)石灰使土壤Cd有效态含量降低69.7%～71.5%;(3)生物炭(2 g·kg^(-1)和16 g·kg(-1)和16 g·kg^(-1))显著(P<0.05)提高烟草生物量且降低烟草Cd含量,轻微、中度Cd污染土壤烟草生物量分别提高5.07倍～18.5倍和5.00倍～29.7倍,烟草根、茎、叶Cd含量分别降低68.7%～74.6%、32.1%～50.7%、70.2%～82.5%(轻微)和68.7%～74.6%、51.4%～59.3%、33.2%～46.5%(中度),根、茎、叶Cd富集系数亦显著降低,根(Cd_(0.83):122降至31～38.1,Cd_(12):24.7降至12.2～16.8),茎(Cd_(0.83):203降至35.6～60.6,Cd_(12):41.7降至17.6～23.1),叶(Cd_(0.83):247降至100～120,Cd_(12):48.6降至26.0～32.5);(4)溶液吸附实验发现,HAP和生物炭均通过表面吸附Cd(-1))显著(P<0.05)提高烟草生物量且降低烟草Cd含量,轻微、中度Cd污染土壤烟草生物量分别提高5.07倍～18.5倍和5.00倍～29.7倍,烟草根、茎、叶Cd含量分别降低68.7%～74.6%、32.1%～50.7%、70.2%～82.5%(轻微)和68.7%～74.6%、51.4%～59.3%、33.2%～46.5%(中度),根、茎、叶Cd富集系数亦显著降低,根(Cd_(0.83):122降至31～38.1,Cd_(12):24.7降至12.2～16.8),茎(Cd_(0.83):203降至35.6～60.6,Cd_(12):41.7降至17.6～23.1),叶(Cd_(0.83):247降至100～120,Cd_(12):48.6降至26.0～32.5);(4)溶液吸附实验发现,HAP和生物炭均通过表面吸附Cd⁽²⁺⁾,且该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,表明在钝化过程中这2种钝化剂与Cd(2+),且该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,表明在钝化过程中这2种钝化剂与Cd⁽²⁺⁾发生键能结合的化学吸附。研究表明,3种钝化剂在同等剂量水平下,生物炭提高烟草生物量且降低Cd吸收最显著,可优先选作降低烟草Cd吸收的钝化剂。     

Association between noise exposure and atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Noise has become an important environmental risk factor. Some studies have shown that exposure to noise can cause coronary artery disease, high blood...     

Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.