基于RS和GIS的西部干旱区生态环境调控研究

实现生态环境优化调控与科学管理，是保护生态环境、促进社会经济与环境协调发展、建立人与自然和谐关系的重要举措。尤其是对生态环境十分脆弱的西部干旱地区，各级政府和学术界给予高度的重视。在定量研究生态环境调控的理论方法和具体操作过程中，需要借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)以及它们的结合等技术手段，来实现时空变化信息的实时、动态监测以及信息的提取、分析和处理。本文针对西部干旱区生态环境调控问题。提出一种RS和GIS支持下的生态环境调控量化研究方法，包括基于RS和GIS的西部干旱区生态环境量化指标体系、生态环境调控管理模型、调控方案优选与实施。并介绍一个应用例子。     

啤酒废水处理技术的应用

采用厌氧(UASB)+接触氧化工艺处理啤酒生产高浓度有机废水,处理后的各项指标完全达到了国家规定的排放标准。对废水综合处理系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结,并就其工艺要点进行了探讨。     

青岛市省级生态红线区产业准入负面清单制定方法及实践研究

结合法律法规和专家咨询法,对整合产业进行生态影响识别,并与现有政策进行衔接,建立了青岛市三类省级生态红线区产业准入负面清单。土壤保持、水源涵养、生物多样性维护三类红线区涉及(A-T)20类产业,三类红线区B、C、H、K类是全禁止,生物多样性维护红线区F类全禁止。A类产业中仅有林业均是正影响,I类和M类产业生态影响小,L、Q、S类禁止所有设施建设。此外,一些产业受限于设施建设,如果仅提供服务,则不纳入负面清单。     

WO_3/Ag_3VO_4复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用超声辅助沉淀法—浸渍法制备了WO3/Ag3VO4复合光催化剂,对其进行了表征,考察了其在可见光条件下对罗丹明B的催化降解性能,并对催化机理进行了探讨。表征结果显示:WO3紧密包覆在Ag3VO4颗粒的表面,并未改变Ag3VO4的晶体结构;与Ag3VO4和WO3相比,WO3/Ag3VO4的吸收带边发生了红移。实验结果表明:w(WO3)为3.5%时,WO3/Ag3VO4对罗丹明B的可见光催化降解效果最好;在光催化剂加入量0.8 g/L、初始罗丹明B质量浓度10 mg/L的条件下,于室温下光照180 min时的罗丹明B去除率达95.76%,TOC去除率达96.5%;WO3与Ag3VO4在能带间的耦合作用下形成异质结结构,很好地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。     

Synthesis of tributyl citrate using acid ionic liquid as catalyst

Synthesis of tributyl citrate (TBC) has been studied by using acid functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst. The results indicated that acidic ionic liquids show good catalytic and reusable performance. Under the optimum conditions, using 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst, the conversion of citric acid was 97%. After easily separated from the products the ionic liquid could be reused 13 times without any disposal, and the conversion of citric acid was not less than 93%. Therefore, an environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of tributyl citrate is provided.     

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)光降解研究现状

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)为一类新型的持久性有机污染物,因其在环境中的广泛分布和生物累积性而备受关注,环境中PBDEs的降解也成为研究热点.光降解是自然环境中PBDEs降解的主要途径之一,而光降解过程中会形成毒性更高的溴代二英.本文在总结国内外PBDEs光降解研究的基础上,对影响PBDEs光降解的因素(诸如:分子结构、光源、介质等)、途径和产物,特别是溴代二英的形成进行了综述,对目前存在问题及进一步的研究方向进行了讨论和展望.     

Effects of temperature and composite alumina on pyrolysis of sewage sludge

An interactive dual-circulating fluidized bed system has been proposed in which the pyrolysis of sewage sludge(SS) and incineration of biomass proceed simultaneously, and alumina is used as the bed material and heat carrier. The alumina coated with biomass ash would mix with sewage sludge in the pyrolysis reactor of this device. It is important to know the influence of composite alumina(CA) on the pyrolysis progress. Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from 400 to 600°C using CA as catalyst. The effects of temperature and CA additive ratio on the products were investigated. The product yields and component distribution of non-condensable gas were more sensitive to the change of temperature, and the maximum liquid yield of 48.44 wt.% and maximum Useable Energy of Liquid of 3871 k J/kg sludge were observed at 500°C with 1/5 CA/SS(mass ratio). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the increase of temperature enhanced devolatilization of organic matter and promoted cyclization and aromatization of aliphatics. The presence of CA could strengthen secondary cracking and interaction among primary products from different organic compounds, such as acid–amine condensation,and reduce the content of oxygenated compounds. When the CA additive amount exceeded a certain proportion, the aromatization was clearly strengthened. The effects of CA on decomposition of fatty acids and formation of aromatics were similar to that of temperature. This means that the reaction temperature could be lowered by introducing CA, which has a positive effect on reducing energy consumption.     

马铃薯加工项目废水处理技术的研究

马铃薯加工项目产生的废水主要是高浓度有机废水,本文研究了通过采用气浮分离/UASB/SBR处理工艺处理此废水。经处理后,各污染物指标达到《淀粉工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 25461-2010)表2间接排放限值后排放城市污水处理厂。     

Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study

Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.