盐城市区污水资源化海涂生态工程研究

盐城市区污水资源化海涂生态工程是根据“控源导流”整治战略构建的一项示范工程。拟将盐城市区污水截流入网,用污水渠道送至海涂生态工程,实现污水治理和资源化利用的结合。全程实行４级水质控制,生态工程的场址选择遵循“四忌四宜”原则,即忌人群、忌饮水、忌生食食品、忌超载,宜苇、宜林,宜草,宜粮。     

基于约束关系的石化装置三维重建方法研究

针对现有的三维建模算法存在耗时长,局部结合细节建模效果差等问题,提出了一种基于石化设备模型库的装置三维重建算法。利用计算机视觉"从运动恢复结构"技术初步实现石化装置部件的识别与定位,提取关键帧中局部特征显著的设备信息,实现基准部件识别及位置匹配。提取复杂管道的空间布局信息,利用阀门(组)的识别信息及约束关系来校正已重建的三维场景,最终实现整个石化装置的自动化三维重建。实例证明,采用文中算法进行石化装置三维重建,可以有效地减少建模时间,提高建模精度。     

贫困的“物以类聚”：中国的农村空间贫困陷阱及其识别

理解贫困陷阱及其成因是理解减贫机制,进而理解贫困治理的基础。早期的实证研究注重从收入的角度研究农村贫困,较新的研究开始关注“空间外部性”对农村贫困的影响。然而,要正确识别农村的“贫困陷阱”,就需要对上述两个维度同时进行解释。鉴于此,运用中国县级层面的面板数据,从聚集与持久两个维度对中国的农村贫困陷阱进行了识别。研究结果表明：2006—2016年,中国农村的贫困空间格局几乎没有变化,并且贫困的空间分布与经济增长也并非是同步的,贫困县的分布主要与地形（坡度、海拔）因素有关;进一步研究还发现,中国的农村贫困具有持久性,贫困县收入存在低水平的均衡,贫困县与非贫困县之间存在收入的“俱乐部收敛”。本文揭示了空间外部性与农村贫困之间的关系,为正确评估经济发展与扶贫开发,合理制定区域反贫困瞄准机制提供了支持。     

基于CWSI的安徽省干旱时空特征及影响因素分析

安徽省是我国的农业大省和重要商品粮食基地,因受自然地理位置等因素的影响,安徽省旱灾频发。论文基于MOD16产品,利用作物缺水指数CWSI,结合气象数据和MOD13数据,分析2000—2014年安徽省干旱时空分布特征和影响因素,结论如下：1）基于MOD16产品计算的作物缺水指数可用于安徽省干旱的监测。2）2000—2014年间安徽省CWSI多年均值为0.524,最大值在2011年（0.569）,最小值在2003年（0.458）,整体上呈现弱增加趋势;具有较强的空间分异性,表现为南部湿润、北部干旱。各市多年CWSI年均值相差不大,但变化趋势各异,淮北平原地区和江淮之间地区呈现显著增加趋势,而皖南地区呈显著下降趋势。3）安徽省CWSI年内月变化整体上呈先减少后增加的单谷型趋势,1—6月和10—12月CWSI值较高,最大值在3月,为0.66,7—9月CWSI值较低,最小值在8月,为0.27,具有明显的季节性差异,淮北平原易出现春旱、秋旱和冬旱,江淮丘陵易出现春旱及秋旱,沿江地区易出现春旱。4）不同土地利用类型的CWSI年内变化特征差异明显,林地和草地整体上呈现先减少后增加的单谷趋势,其月均最大值在3月,城镇和耕地则表现为多峰趋势,最大月均值在6月。5）CWSI与降雨、温度以及植被的关系密切,在降雨较多的地区,温度较低,植被指数较高,CWSI值较小,干旱程度较轻,说明降雨对CWSI变化的影响较大。     

Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant

Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are thought to be a "seedbed" and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria(GNOPB) were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were conducted.More than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance(MAR) index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard.     

混凝法在硫酸软骨素废水后处理中的应用

硫酸软骨素是一种重要的生化制品，在其生产过程中产生了大量的高浓度有机废水。其COD值高达100g／L。以山东某生化制品有限公司硫酸软骨素废水为对象，对其后处理进行了研究。结果表明，后处理采用混凝处理工艺，可使生化处理后的废水的COD由316mg/L降至76mg／L，出水达到了GB8978-1996国家一级排放标准。     

Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW were conducted at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 kg VS/(m3 day) using a lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor at 35°C. FVW could be digested stably with the biogas production rate of 2.17 m3/(m3 day) and methane production yield of 0.42 m3 CH4/kg VS. However, anaerobic digestion process for FW was failed due to acids accumulation. The effects of FVW: FW ratio on co-digestion stability and performance were further investigated at the same OLR. At FVW and FW mixing ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, the performance and operation of the digester were maintained stable, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of FVW to FW 1:2, resulted in an increase in VFAs concentration to 1100–1200 mg/L, and the methanogenesis was slightly inhibited. At the optimum mixture ratio 1:1 for co-digestion of FVW with FW, the methane production yield was 0.49 m3 CH4/kg VS, and the volatile solids and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiencies were 74.9% and 96.1%, respectively.     

牡丹江市土壤重金属污染状况调查及评价

为调查研究牡丹江市一些重点功能区的土壤重金属污染状况,在东宁县、林口县、绥芬河市、海林市、宁安市、穆棱市6个县(市)典型的耕地、林地、草地选择采集了60个土壤样本。以《土壤环境质量标准》GB15168-1995为评价标准,对牡丹江市土壤重金属As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Zn的污染状况作了初步评价。研究发现,牡丹江地区各县市主要以Cd、Mn、Ni、V为主,并针对污染状况提出了防治对策及措施。     

牡丹江流域生态环境现状及保护对策

"十一五"期间,牡丹江市土地没有退化,森里和草原资源丰富。牡丹江干流水生态环境良好,水生生物优势种明显。牡丹江市辖区河段果树场-牛场村,生物多样性高,水土保持较好。牛场村-温春镇兴隆河段,水生生物多样性已呈减少趋势,陆生生物多样性一般,土壤侵蚀中等。牡丹江市区河段,水生生物多样性差,陆生生物很少,水土流失现象严重。结合牡丹江流域生态环境特点,提出适宜的生态保护对策。     

筋‐土界面刚度软化对加筋土挡墙动力特性的影响∗

加筋土挡墙被广泛应用于公路工程、铁路工程、水利工程、边坡等支挡结构中,筋土界面的动力剪切特性对加筋土挡墙的稳定性和耐久性有重要的影响。采用室内直剪试验研究了不同剪切频率(1 Hz,2 Hz,3 Hz)和不同竖向压力(50 kPa,100 kPa,150 kPa)条件下粗粒土与格栅界面的循环剪切特性。通过对循环剪切试验数据的拟合分析得到了筋土界面剪切刚度变化的经验公式,然后编制fish语言将该公式导入FLAC3D软件。通过分析考虑筋土界面剪切刚度变化规律的加筋挡土墙三维计算模型,并与振动台试验的试验数据进行了对比验证,发现了考虑筋土界面刚度软化的模型更符合实际情况。采用验证以后的三维计算模型对地震作用下考虑筋土界面和不考虑筋土界面剪切刚度软化的加筋土挡墙动力特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:考虑筋土界面剪切刚度的软化对地震作用下加筋土挡墙有明显的影响,在地震峰值加速度为0.4g时,考虑软化后墙体水平位移比不考虑软化增大了8.8%,加速度放大系数比不考虑软化增大了1.76%,筋材的最大拉力比不考虑软化的减小了6.9%。因此筋土界面的剪切刚度软化对地震作用下加筋土挡墙的影响不可忽略。