Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理油田采油废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理生物难降解的采油废水的研究结果表明 ,Fenton氧化技术不但对采油废水中有机质有较好的去除率 ,而且大大地改善了废水的可生化性 ,在H2 O2 的投加浓度和Fe2 + 与H2 O2 的摩尔比分别为10mmol/L和 0 .1的条件下 ,经过 30min氧化后可使废水BOD值由原来的 5mg/L上升至 4 0mg/L ;同时随着氧化时间的延长 ,废水中残余的有机物分子量逐渐降低。 30min氧化后的废水经过生物处理 ,其出水COD值为 10 2mg/L ,可以满足国家综合污水外排标准 ,经济分析结果表明 ,该技术处理采油废水的运行成本为 1 4 7元 /t。这一技术在解决石油行业采油废水的外排达标方面具有很好的应用前景。     

湛江港海区沉积物和海洋生物中重金属的富集特征分析与评价

本文利用原子荧光光度计、原子吸收分光光度计测定了湛江港表层沉积物和海洋生物中Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 5种重金属元素的含量,分析评价沉积物和海洋生物中重金属的含量分布及富集特征。结果表明,除Cd外,其它重金属元素在沉积物中的含量均高于其在海洋生物体中的含量;湛江港海域Cu、Zn、Cd在生物体内积累较严重;软体类和甲壳类从沉积物中富集Hg和Pb能力相当,但软体类从沉积物中富集Zn和Cd能力高于甲壳类、富集Cu能力低于甲壳类。与沉积物重金属含量的非参数相关分析表明,沉积物中重金属既能促进也能抑制生物体内的重金属富集,但在软体类和甲壳类两类生物体中表现不同。     

Quantifying the effect of wind on internal wave resonance in Lake Villarrica,Chile

Lake Villarrica, located in south central Chile, has a maximum depth of 167 m and a maximum fetch of about 20 km. The lake is monomictic, with a seasonal thermocline located at a depth of approximately 20 m. Field data show the presence of basin-scale internal waves that are forced by daily winds and affected by Coriolis acceleration. A modal linear and non-linear analysis of internal waves has been used, assuming a two-layer system. The numerical simulations show good agreement with the internal wave field observations. The obtained modes were used to study the energy dissipation within the system, which is necessary to control the amplitude growth. Field data and numerical simulations identify (1) the occurrence of a horizontal mode 1 Kelvin wave, with a period of about a day that coincides with the frequency of daily winds, suggesting that this mode of the Kelvin waves is in a resonant state (subject to damping and controlled by frictional effects in the field) and (2) the presence of higher-frequency internal waves, which are excited by non-linear interactions between basin-scale internal waves. The non-linear simulation indicates that only 10 % of the dissipation rate of the Kelvin wave is because of bottom friction, while the rest 90 % represents the energy that is radiated from the Kelvin wave to other modes. Also, this study shows that modes with periods between 5 and 8 h are excited by non-linear interactions between the fundamental Kelvin wave and horizontal Poincaré-type waves. A laboratory study of the resonant interaction between a periodic forcing and the internal wave field response has also been performed, confirming the resonance for the horizontal mode 1 Kelvin wave.     

石油污染对海洋生态环境的影响与防治对策

分析了石油污染对海洋生态环境的影响,提出了预防泄漏措施.     

A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Recently, a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed. Using the Macau Peninsula as a case study, this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining. Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1–2 km, the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore, can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission, urban geometry, and air pollution. The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macau Peninsula was modeled in a high-spatial resolution of 319 receptors·km^-2. The spatial relationship among air quality, traffic flow, and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated. The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment. The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.     

氯化四(4-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉铁(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢氧化降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚的动力学研究

用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了水溶性金属卟啉Fe(TPPS)Cl催化H2O2氧化降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)的动力学(TPPS为四(4-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉),探讨了反应体系酸度、H2O2/Fe(TPPS)Cl物质的量之比、温度对氧化降解速率的影响,提出了反应机理,建立了反应动力学数学模型.研究结果表明,TCP初始浓度为3.8×10-4 mol.L-1、Fe(TPPS)Cl浓度为4.0×10-5 mol.L-1、H2O2浓度为1.8×10-3mol.L-1、温度为25℃、pH值为6.8、反应时间为90 min时,TCP的降解率可达到99%,其表观活化能为10.96 kJ.mol-1.因此,Fe(TPPS)Cl作为模拟过氧化物酶在催化降解TCP过程中是一种有效的催化剂.     

大气高CO2浓度对油菜氮素同化累积与植株生长的影响

为了指导高CO2浓度条件下甘蓝型油菜Brassica napus L.合理施氮、创建油菜高产高效以及进一步探明油菜氮代谢的调节机制提供理论依据,本研究采用微区试验,研究2个油菜品种（沪油15-33号和742-2）在2个CO2浓度水平（自然CO2摩尔分数400μmol·mol-1和高CO2摩尔分数（800±20）μmol·mol-1）和2个氮素水平（施氮与不施氮）条件下,氮素同化酶（NR和GS）活性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化,以及油菜地上部干物质量和氮素累积量的响应。试验结果表明,高CO2浓度会提高NR和GS活性;在氮素处理的影响方面,NR活性的变化与油菜的品种和生育时期不同有关：在高CO2浓度条件下,品种A在各时期的施氮处理的酶活性高于不施氮处理;品种B只在抽薹期的施氮处理低于不施氮处理,其他时期则升高;对于GS酶活性,在自然CO2浓度条件下施氮会提高GS酶活性,高CO2浓度条件下施氮则降低其活性（苗期除外）。CO2浓度升高会降低叶片中可溶性蛋白含量（盛花期除外）;在正常CO2浓度下,增施氮肥会提高叶片中可溶性蛋白含量,而在高CO2浓度下,增施氮肥会降低叶片中可溶性蛋白含量。CO2浓度升高和增施氮肥都会提高油菜地上部干物质量与氮素累积量,油菜干物质量与氮素累积量总体上与上述测定指标呈极显著相关。     

Selenium and hazardous elements distribution in plant–soil–water system and human health risk assessment of Lower Cambrian,Southern Shaanxi,China

The natural selenium poisoning due to toxic Se levels in food chain had been observed in humans and animals in Lower Cambrian outcrop areas in Southern Shaanxi, China. To find out the distribution pattern of selenium and other hazardous elements in the plant, soil and water of Lower Cambrian in Southern Shaanxi, China, and their possible potential health risk, a total of 30 elements were analyzed and the health risk assessment of 18 elements was calculated. Results showed that the soil, plant and natural water of Lower Cambrian all had relatively high Se levels. In Lower Cambrian, the soil was enriched with Se, As, Ba, Cu, Mo, Ni, Zn, Ga, Cd and Cr (1.68 < I_geo < 4.48, I_geo; geo-accumulation index). In same plants, the contents of Se, Cd and Zn (except Cd in corn and rice, Zn in potato and corn) of Lower Cambrian were higher than that of the other strata. Ba and Ga in natural water were higher than that of the other strata, while K and Cs were opposite. The health risk assessment results showed that the people living in outcrop areas of Lower Cambrian had both high total non-carcinogenic risk of 18 elements (HI = 16.12, acceptable range: < 1) and carcinogenic risk of As (3.98E−04, acceptable range: 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴). High contents of Se, As, Mo and Tl of Lower Cambrian may pose a health risk to local people, and food intake was the major pathway. For minimizing potential health risk, the local inhabitants should use the mix-imported food with local growing foods.

     

微波诱导热解制备小麦秸秆吸附剂及响应面优化工艺研究

以氯化锌为活化剂,通过微波诱导热解法制备小麦秸秆吸附剂,并以微波功率、热解时间和氯化锌质量分数为影响因素,碘吸附值为响应值,采用响应面法对小麦秸秆吸附剂的制备工艺进行优化。结果表明,热解时间和微波功率对碘吸附值的交互作用明显。响应面优化工艺分析,发现当热解时间4.03 min、微波功率569.0 W,氯化锌质量分数为31.24%时,碘吸附值最大,为643.33 mg/g。另外,小麦秸秆吸附等温线与I型相似,吸附剂的微孔容积为0.238 4cm³/g,吸附剂的BJH孔径分布表现窄小,最高峰出现在2.1nm左右。处理Cr(VI)废水的吸附试验,发现Cr(VI)的去除率可以达到70%以上。研究表明,微波诱导热解法及响应面优化工艺制备的小麦秸秆吸附剂技术可行且具有良好的重金属废水处理应用前景。     

虎林湿地变化造成农业损失的估算

自50年代初至2001年,50年来虎林市境内以平原沼泽型为主的湿地面积损失了三分之二,引起灾害性气候增加,造成了一定程度的农业损失,文章通过公式计算得出了农业损失值。